robonebula/awesome-vla-benchmarks

A curated list of benchmarks for evaluating Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models

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A curated list of benchmarks for evaluating Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models and closely related embodied agents across robotics, autonomous driving, GUI agents, interactive environments, and multimodal perception. This repository is benchmark-first and includes datasets, simulation platforms, and evaluation resources only when they directly support benchmark usage, comparison, or reproducibility.


Contents


Scope

  • Benchmarks whose primary artifact is an evaluation suite, challenge, or task collection for VLA or embodied agents
  • Task environments, benchmark datasets, and evaluation platforms that are directly used to measure agent performance
  • Supporting resources such as simulators, model hubs, or leaderboards when they materially help readers run, compare, or reproduce benchmark results
  • Benchmarks spanning robot manipulation, navigation, household interaction, autonomous driving, GUI agents, games, egocentric video, and multimodal perception

This list does not aim to track model-only papers, generic multimodal benchmarks with no action or embodied relevance, or infrastructure projects that do not directly support benchmark use.

Embodied Robotics

Benchmarks for embodied agents operating in physical or simulated robotic environments.

Robot Manipulation

Benchmarks for language-conditioned manipulation with robot arms, mobile manipulators, or bimanual systems.

NameHighlightsReferences
Open X-Embodiment (OXE)[ICRA 2024] Cross-embodiment dataset with 1M+ robot episodes from 22 institutions and 22 robot typesarXiv · GitHub · Website
DROID[RSS 2024] 76k demonstrations across diverse real-world environments for scalable VLA trainingarXiv · GitHub · Website
ManiSkill3[NeurIPS 2024] GPU-parallelized simulation with richer tasks and improved evaluation protocolsarXiv · GitHub · Website
RoboCasa[RSS 2024] 100+ kitchen manipulation tasks in photorealistic MuJoCo-based environmentsarXiv · GitHub · Website
SimplerEnv[CoRL 2024] Simulation evaluation framework designed to correlate with real-world VLA performancearXiv · GitHub · Website
Mobile ALOHA[CoRL 2024] Extends ALOHA to a mobile whole-body platform for real-world household tasksarXiv · GitHub · Website
RoboAgent[ICRA 2024] Generalizable manipulation via semantic augmentations evaluated on 12 real-world tasksarXiv · GitHub · Website
Octo[RSS 2024] Generalist robot policy trained on OXE data, evaluated across BridgeV2 and FrankaarXiv · GitHub · HF · Website
GR-1[ICLR 2024] ByteDance's generalist manipulation policy evaluated on CALVIN and real-world tasksarXiv · GitHub
OpenVLA[CoRL 2024] Open-source 7B VLA model evaluated on BridgeV2 and OXE tasksarXiv · GitHub · HF · Website
LIBERO[NeurIPS 2023] Knowledge transfer across 130 language-conditioned tasks in 4 structured suitesarXiv · GitHub · Website
VIMA-BENCH[ICML 2023] 17 task types specified via interleaved text-and-image prompts for multimodal manipulationarXiv · GitHub · Website
FurnitureBench[RSS 2023] Real and simulated furniture assembly requiring long-horizon dexterous manipulationarXiv · GitHub · Website
BridgeData V2[CoRL 2023] Large-scale tabletop manipulation with language annotations across diverse kitchen scenesarXiv · GitHub · Website
ManiSkill2[ICLR 2023] 20 task families with rigid/soft-body physics for generalizable manipulation skill evaluationarXiv · GitHub · Website
ALOHA / ACT[RSS 2023] Low-cost bimanual teleoperation with imitation learning demonstrationsarXiv · GitHub · Website
RT-1[RSS 2023] Google's Robotics Transformer trained on 700+ real-world manipulation tasksarXiv · Website
RT-2[CoRL 2023] Combines internet-scale VLM pretraining with robot control for emergent generalizationarXiv · Website
CALVIN[RA-L 2022] Long-horizon manipulation requiring chaining up to 5 language-conditioned tasks in a rowarXiv · GitHub · Website
RoboMimic[CoRL 2021] Standardized demonstration datasets and algorithm baselines for robot learningarXiv · GitHub · Website
RLBench[RA-L 2020] 100+ unique language-conditioned tasks in CoppeliaSim simulatorarXiv · GitHub
MetaWorld[CoRL 2020] 50 distinct tabletop manipulation tasks for multi-task and meta-RLarXiv · GitHub · Website
Franka Kitchen[CoRL 2019] Multi-task kitchen manipulation with a Franka Panda robot across 7 compound subtasksarXiv · GitHub
SpatialBenchEvaluates spatial reasoning capabilities of VLMs in manipulation contextsGitHub
π0 (pi-zero)Physical Intelligence's large robot foundation model for diverse dexterous tasksarXiv · Website
VLABench[ICCV 2025] Large-scale benchmark for language-conditioned manipulation with long-horizon reasoning across 100 tasks and multiple dimensionsarXiv · GitHub · HF · Website
RoboVerse[RSS 2025] Unified platform, dataset, and benchmark for scalable and generalizable robot learning across 5000+ tasksarXiv · GitHub · Website
MIKASA-Robo[ICLR 2026] Benchmark for robotic tabletop manipulation with 32 memory-intensive tasks covering object, spatial, sequential, and capacity memoryarXiv · GitHub · Website
RoboVLMsComprehensive evaluation of VLMs as robot policy foundation models across manipulation tasksGitHub · Website
RoboTwin[CVPR 2025] Dual-arm robot benchmark with generative digital twins for automated data collection across 50 diverse bimanual manipulation tasksarXiv · GitHub · Website
BiGymDemo-driven mobile bi-manual manipulation benchmark with 40 novel household tasks spanning easy to extremely difficult difficulty levelsarXiv · GitHub · Website

Dexterous Manipulation & Locomotion

Benchmarks for dexterous hands, whole-body control, and locomotion-oriented embodied control.

NameHighlightsReferences
HumanoidBench[NeurIPS 2024] 27 diverse whole-body tasks for humanoid robot control evaluationarXiv · GitHub · Website
DexArt[CVPR 2023] 4 complex dexterous tasks for articulated object manipulation with a multi-fingered handarXiv · GitHub · Website
DexDeform[ICLR 2023] 5 dexterous deformable object manipulation tasks for learning contact-rich policiesarXiv · GitHub
LEAP Hand[CoRL 2023] Low-cost dexterous hand platform with benchmark tasks for in-hand manipulationarXiv · Website
MyoSuite[NeurIPS 2022] Musculoskeletal simulation for physiologically accurate hand and arm controlarXiv · GitHub · Website
IsaacGym Benchmark[NeurIPS 2021] GPU-accelerated dexterous benchmarks including in-hand cube reorientation and pen spinningarXiv · Website
D4RL[NeurIPS 2020] Offline RL benchmark covering locomotion, manipulation, and navigation with standardized datasetsarXiv · GitHub
DeepMind Control Suite[JMLR 2020] Continuous control tasks for locomotion and manipulation used as standard RL/VLA baselinesarXiv · GitHub
Adroit[RSS 2018] 24-DoF anthropomorphic hand benchmark for pen, door, hammer, and relocate tasksarXiv · GitHub

Embodied Navigation

Benchmarks for navigation in 3D environments from language, visual, or object-goal instructions.

NameHighlightsReferences
GOAT-Bench[CVPR 2024] Multi-modal lifelong navigation benchmark with sequential object goals specified by category, language, or image in open-vocabulary settingsGitHub · Website
OpenEQA[CVPR 2024] Embodied Question Answering in the era of foundation models with 1600+ questions spanning spatial, object, and functional understandingarXiv · GitHub · Website
ScanQA[CVPR 2022] Spatial question answering grounded in 3D indoor point cloud environmentsarXiv · GitHub
SOON[CVPR 2021] Scenario-oriented object navigation requiring reasoning about object-scene relationsarXiv · Website
ImageNav[ICCV 2021] Navigation to a goal specified by an image rather than a category labelGitHub
VLN-BERT / HAMT[CVPR 2021] BERT-based and history-aware transformer approaches evaluated on R2R and REVERIEarXiv · GitHub
MultiON[CVPR 2021] Multi-object navigation requiring sequential finding of multiple target objectsarXiv · Website
RxR (Room-Across-Rooms)[EMNLP 2020] Multilingual navigation in 3 languages with denser annotations than R2RarXiv · GitHub
REVERIE[CVPR 2020] Combines long-horizon navigation with object grounding via referring expressionsarXiv · GitHub · Website
ObjectNav (Habitat)[NeurIPS 2020] Navigate to a specified object category in novel photorealistic environmentsarXiv · Website
VLN-CE[EMNLP 2020] Continuous-environment R2R in Habitat without discrete viewpoint teleportationarXiv · GitHub
CVDN[CVPR 2019] Cooperative multi-turn dialogue navigation where a helper guides an agent to a targetarXiv · GitHub
TOUCHDOWN[CVPR 2019] Street-view navigation in real-world NYC following natural language descriptionsarXiv · GitHub
R2R (Room-to-Room)[CVPR 2018] Foundational VLN benchmark for instruction-following navigation in Matterport3DarXiv · GitHub · Website
EQA (Embodied Question Answering)[CVPR 2018] Agents navigate and answer visual questions about indoor environmentsarXiv · Website
MP3D (Matterport3D)[CVPR 2017] Large-scale RGB-D indoor dataset widely used as a navigation substrateWebsite

Embodied Multi-Task & Household

Benchmarks for household and open-world agents that combine navigation, manipulation, and task reasoning.

NameHighlightsReferences
Habitat 3.0[ICLR 2024] Social navigation, collaboration, and rearrangement tasks in embodied AI simulationarXiv · GitHub · Website
EmbodiedBench[ICML 2025] Comprehensive benchmark evaluating MLLMs as embodied agents across 1128 tasks spanning high-level (household, habitat) and low-level (manipulation, navigation) with 6 capability dimensionsarXiv · GitHub · Website
ARNOLD[ICCV 2023] Language-conditioned articulated object state change tasks in 3D scenesarXiv · GitHub · Website
TEACh[AAAI 2022] Task completion in AI2-THOR via multi-turn dialogue historyarXiv · GitHub
ProcTHOR[NeurIPS 2022] Procedurally generated AI2-THOR houses for training and evaluating generalist embodied agentsarXiv · GitHub · Website
ALFWorld[ICLR 2021] Aligns TextWorld with AI2-THOR for language-conditioned household task completionarXiv · GitHub · Website
ThreeDWorld (TDW)[NeurIPS 2021] Multi-modal physical simulation for transport, manipulation, and multi-agent tasksarXiv · GitHub · Website
Watch-And-Help[ICLR 2021] Social intelligence benchmark for agent cooperation in VirtualHome environmentsarXiv · GitHub
AI2-THOR[CVPR 2018] Interactive 3D household simulation with physics for pick-and-place, slicing, cooking, and morearXiv · GitHub · Website
VirtualHome[CVPR 2018] Multi-step household simulation supporting natural language program executionarXiv · GitHub · Website
BEHAVIOR-1K1000 household activities grounded in real human needs, simulated in OmniGibsonGitHub · Website
LANMPLanguage-conditioned navigation and manipulation on a real mobile manipulatorarXiv · GitHub

Social & Human-Robot Interaction

Benchmarks for socially aware, collaborative, or communicative robot behavior.

NameHighlightsReferences
Habitat 3.0 Social Nav[ICLR 2024] Social navigation requiring robots to move around humans and follow social normsarXiv · Website
ConcepFusion / LangNav[RSS 2023] Open-vocabulary 3D feature fields enabling natural language queries for navigationarXiv · GitHub
TDW-Social[NeurIPS 2021] Multi-agent social simulation requiring cooperation and communication in TDWarXiv · GitHub · Website
SEAN[RA-L 2020] Navigation benchmark requiring socially compliant behavior around pedestriansarXiv · Website
RoboTHOR ChallengeObjectNav challenge bridging simulation and real robot deployment in home-like environmentsarXiv · Website
ProCoProactive cooperation benchmark requiring initiative and dialogue from embodied agentsGitHub

Autonomous Driving

Benchmarks for driving agents that ground perception, language, and decision-making in traffic scenes.

NameHighlightsReferences
DriveLM[ECCV 2024] Graph-structured vision-language QA benchmark for end-to-end driving on nuScenesarXiv · GitHub · HF
LingoQA[CVPR 2024] Video QA benchmark for driving scene understanding grounded in real-world footagearXiv · GitHub
Rank2Tell[WACV 2024] Dataset for ranking and describing important objects in driving scenesarXiv · GitHub
MAPLM[WACV 2024] Map-based language model benchmark for understanding HD maps in autonomous drivingarXiv · GitHub
NuScenes-QA[AAAI 2024] 460k QA pairs for visual question answering built on nuScenesarXiv · GitHub
TOD3Cap[ECCV 2024] 3D dense captioning for autonomous driving with 2.3M natural language descriptionsarXiv · GitHub
DriveVLM[CoRL 2024] Chain-of-thought VLM reasoning integrated with motion planning for autonomous drivingarXiv · Website
MMAD[NeurIPS 2024] Massive multimodal AD benchmark with 18 perception and reasoning subtasksarXiv · GitHub
nuScenes[CVPR 2020] Large-scale AD dataset with 3D bounding boxes, HD maps, and rich multi-sensor dataGitHub · Website
Waymo Open Dataset[CVPR 2020] High-quality driving dataset with LiDAR and camera data for perception and predictionWebsite
BDD-X[ECCV 2018] Explainable driving dataset with textual descriptions and justifications for actionsarXiv · GitHub
CARLA Challenge[CoRL 2017] Open urban driving simulation benchmark for route completion and safety complianceGitHub · Website
nuPlanClosed-loop motion planning benchmark with expert demonstrations and reactive simulationarXiv · GitHub · Website
DriveBenchComprehensive benchmark evaluating VLMs across multiple driving perception and QA tasksWebsite
VLAADVision-Language-Action benchmark for autonomous driving with natural language instructionsGitHub
LaMPilot[CVPR 2024] Open benchmark dataset for autonomous driving evaluated via language model programsarXiv · GitHub
STSBenchSpatio-temporal scenario benchmark for evaluating MLLMs in interactive autonomous driving scenariosGitHub
Drive4CClosed-loop benchmark assessing what foundation models need to enable language-guided autonomous drivingGitHub
NAVSIM[NeurIPS 2024] Non-reactive simulation benchmark for data-driven autonomous driving evaluation with 1000+ hours of real-world driving dataarXiv · GitHub
Bench2DriveClosed-loop multi-ability benchmark for end-to-end autonomous driving across 220 scenarios in CARLA covering perception, prediction, and planningarXiv · GitHub

GUI & Computer-Use Agents

Benchmarks for agents that perceive graphical interfaces and act through keyboard and mouse inputs.

NameHighlightsReferences
AndroidWorld[ICLR 2025] 116 programmatic tasks across 20 real Android appsarXiv · GitHub · Website
GUI-Odyssey[ICCV 2025] Cross-app Android navigation requiring multi-step actions across multiple appsarXiv · GitHub
WebArena[ICLR 2024] 812 realistic tasks across e-commerce, social, coding, and content websitesarXiv · GitHub · Website
VisualWebArena[ACL 2024] Extends WebArena with visually grounded tasks requiring image-based reasoningarXiv · GitHub · Website
OSWorld[NeurIPS 2024] 369 open-ended computer tasks in real OS environments (Ubuntu, Windows, macOS)arXiv · GitHub · HF · Website
ScreenSpot[ACL 2024] GUI grounding benchmark for localizing UI elements from text instructionsarXiv · GitHub
AssistGUI[CVPR 2024] Desktop productivity benchmark (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) with video-based evaluationarXiv · GitHub · Website
AgentBench[ICLR 2024] LLM-as-agent benchmark with 8 environments: OS, database, web, games, and morearXiv · GitHub · Website
WorkArena[ICML 2024] 33 enterprise software tasks on a real ServiceNow instancearXiv · GitHub · Website
SWE-bench[ICLR 2024] Requires agents to resolve real GitHub issues as a software engineering challengearXiv · GitHub · Website
τ-bench (tau-bench)[NeurIPS 2024] Tool-agent-user interaction benchmark evaluating agentic task completion with tool usearXiv · GitHub
Mind2Web[NeurIPS 2023] 2000+ tasks from 137 real-world websites for generalist web agent evaluationGitHub · Website
AITW (Android in the Wild)[NeurIPS 2023] Large-scale human demonstration dataset on Android devices across diverse tasksarXiv · GitHub
WebSRC[EMNLP 2021] Structural reading comprehension for understanding web page layouts and contentarXiv · GitHub · Website
Screen2Words[UIST 2021] 112k human-annotated mobile UI screen summaries for screen captioningarXiv · GitHub
MiniWob++[ICLR 2018] 100+ browser mini-tasks (clicking, typing, form filling) for web interactionGitHub · Website
WindowsAgentArena154 Windows OS tasks spanning productivity, web, and system applicationsarXiv · GitHub · Website
ScreenSpot-ProGUI grounding benchmark for professional high-resolution computer use across complex desktop applicationsarXiv · GitHub
Spider2-V[NeurIPS 2024] 494 tasks testing multimodal agents at automating real-world data science and engineering workflowsarXiv · GitHub · Website
GUI-WorldComprehensive GUI benchmark for evaluating multimodal agents across mobile, web, and desktop interfaces with sequential tasks and QA scenariosarXiv · GitHub · Website
AndroidLab[ICLR 2025] Systematic environment and benchmark for training and evaluating Android autonomous agents across 138 tasks in 9 appsarXiv · GitHub · Website
OmniACTDataset and benchmark for multimodal autonomous agents performing computer tasks via UI element grounding across desktop and web interfacesarXiv · GitHub · Website
AgentTrekAutomated GUI agent trajectory synthesis benchmark derived from web tutorials with 15K+ step-level annotations for agent training and evaluationarXiv · GitHub · Website

Game & Interactive Environments

Benchmarks for language-guided sequential decision-making in games and interactive simulated worlds.

NameHighlightsReferences
Voyager / DEPS[NeurIPS 2023] LLM-powered lifelong learning Minecraft agent evaluation frameworkarXiv · GitHub · Website
MineRL / MineDojo[NeurIPS 2022] 3000+ open-ended Minecraft tasks leveraging internet-scale video knowledgearXiv · GitHub · Website
ScienceWorld[EMNLP 2022] 30 science experiment tasks requiring procedural multi-step reasoning and actionarXiv · GitHub · Website
CrafterBench[TMLR 2022] Open-world survival game measuring 22 achievements requiring long-horizon planningarXiv · GitHub
BEHAVIOR (iGibson)[NeurIPS 2021] 100 household activities in iGibson simulation requiring physical commonsense reasoningGitHub · Website
NetHack Learning Environment (NLE)[NeurIPS 2020] Complex roguelike game for long-horizon decision making and language-conditioned playarXiv · GitHub
Atari-HEAD[AAAI 2019] Human eye-tracking data for Atari games enabling human-like visual attention evaluationarXiv · GitHub
BabyAI[ICLR 2019] Gridworld benchmark with 19 procedurally generated instruction difficulty levelsarXiv · GitHub
GROOTOpen-ended Minecraft agent benchmark with skill learning and generalizationGitHub
MiniGrid / MiniWorldLightweight 2D/3D grid environments for language-conditioned navigation and reasoningGitHub
TextWorldFramework for generating and playing text-based adventure games to train language agentsarXiv · GitHub

Multimodal Perception & Understanding

Benchmarks for multimodal perception, temporal understanding, and grounding capabilities that support VLA systems.

General Multimodal

Benchmarks for general multimodal reasoning, instruction following, and cross-modal grounding.

NameHighlightsReferences
MMMU[CVPR 2024] 11.5k expert-level questions across 57 subjects for massive multidisciplinary evaluationarXiv · GitHub · HF · Website
MMBench[ECCV 2024] Systematic 20-dimension VLM evaluation with 3000 questionsarXiv · GitHub · Website
SEED-Bench[CVPR 2024] 19K questions across 12 dimensions for multi-granularity generative MLLM evaluationarXiv · GitHub
HallusionBench[CVPR 2024] Hallucination detection benchmark for visual understanding in VLMsarXiv · GitHub
MMStar[NeurIPS 2024] 1500 carefully curated samples minimizing data leakage and requiring genuine VL reasoningarXiv · GitHub · Website
CV-Bench[EMNLP 2024] Compositional reasoning and spatial understanding benchmark for VLMsGitHub
BLINK[ECCV 2024] Visual perception benchmark targeting human intuitive abilities that challenge VLMsarXiv · GitHub · Website
WildVision[NeurIPS 2024] Real-world VLM evaluation via human preference collected from live user interactionsHF
VLMEvalKit[ACM MM 2024] Open-source toolkit supporting 100+ VLMs across 50+ benchmarksarXiv · GitHub
POPE[EMNLP 2023] Polling-based object probing for evaluating object hallucination in VLMsarXiv · GitHub
MME14-subtask benchmark covering MLLM perception and cognition capabilitiesarXiv · GitHub
TouchStoneGPT-4 scored VLM evaluation across 5 ability dimensionsarXiv · GitHub
RealWorldQAReal-world spatial understanding benchmark from xAI testing physical world reasoningWebsite
MMTEMultimodal task execution benchmark for following complex visual instructionsGitHub
MMIU[ICLR 2025] Multimodal Multi-image Understanding benchmark with 7 image-relationship types, 52 tasks, and 11K questions for evaluating LVLMsarXiv · GitHub · Website
MathVista[ICLR 2024] Mathematical reasoning in visual contexts benchmark requiring compositional reasoning across 28 math tasks and 5 visual typesarXiv · GitHub · Website
MMMU-Pro[NeurIPS 2024] More robust MMMU extension with college-level expert questions requiring genuine multimodal understanding, resistant to language-only shortcutsarXiv · GitHub · Website
CharXiv[NeurIPS 2024] Chart understanding benchmark exposing significant gaps in VLMs on 2323 scientific paper figures with descriptive and reasoning tasksarXiv · GitHub · Website
OlympiadBench[ACL 2024] Olympiad-level bilingual multimodal science benchmark with 8952 problems in mathematics and physics for frontier VLM evaluationarXiv · GitHub
MEGA-Bench[NeurIPS 2024] Scaling multimodal evaluation to 500+ diverse real-world tasks covering perception, reasoning, and generation across many domainsarXiv · GitHub · Website
MM-Vet v2Harder and more comprehensive integrated capabilities benchmark for large multimodal models using GPT-4 scoring across 16 skillsarXiv · GitHub

Video & Temporal Understanding

Benchmarks for temporal video understanding, action reasoning, and long-context event interpretation.

NameHighlightsReferences
TemporalBench[ICLR 2025] Fine-grained temporal video understanding benchmark for VLMs with 2M QA pairsarXiv · GitHub
Video-MME[CVPR 2025] First comprehensive evaluation benchmark of MLLMs in video analysis covering short/medium/long videos across 30 domainsarXiv · GitHub · Website
LongVideoBench[NeurIPS 2024] Long-context interleaved video-language understanding benchmark with 6678 questions on videos ranging from minutes to 1 hourarXiv · GitHub · Website
MLVU[NeurIPS 2024] Multi-task long video understanding benchmark with 9 task types spanning holistic, single-detail, and multi-detail evaluation across 10–180 minute videosarXiv · GitHub
MVBench[CVPR 2024] 20 challenging temporal reasoning tasks for multi-task video understandingarXiv · GitHub
EgoTaskQA[NeurIPS 2022] Egocentric video QA with task goal inference, procedural reasoning, and state trackingarXiv · GitHub
STAR (Situated Reasoning)[NeurIPS 2021] Situated temporal action reasoning with 4 question types grounded in real videosarXiv · Website
NExT-QA[CVPR 2021] Video QA benchmark emphasizing causal and temporal reasoning about actionsarXiv · GitHub · Website
COIN[CVPR 2019] 11,827 instructional videos across 180 tasks and 778 procedural stepsarXiv · GitHub · Website
CrossTask[CVPR 2019] Procedural activity understanding across 83 instructional video tasksarXiv · GitHub
HowTo100M[ICCV 2019] Narrated instructional videos for learning action-language grounding at scalearXiv · Website
Something-Something v2[ICCV 2017] Temporal reasoning requiring understanding of object interactions and motion directionarXiv · Website
Charades[ECCV 2016] Indoor activity dataset requiring temporal localization and compositional reasoningarXiv · Website
ActivityNet[CVPR 2015] Activity recognition, localization, and dense video captioning at large scalearXiv · Website
Kinetics-700Large-scale action recognition dataset with 700 human action classesarXiv · Website
Video-BenchVideo-exclusive benchmark for evaluating video understanding capabilities in MLLMsarXiv · GitHub
VideoVistaDiverse video understanding benchmark spanning 14 task types and 35 categoriesarXiv · GitHub
DREAM-1KProcedural video understanding benchmark for evaluating robot task planningarXiv · GitHub

Egocentric & Activity

Benchmarks for egocentric perception and activity understanding from first-person video.

NameHighlightsReferences
Ego-Exo4D[CVPR 2024] Paired egocentric and exocentric video dataset for skill assessment and correspondencearXiv · Website
Ego4D[CVPR 2022] 3670h egocentric video with benchmarks for episodic memory, forecasting, and hand-object interactionarXiv · GitHub · Website
EPIC-Kitchens-100[IJCV 2022] 100 hours of unscripted egocentric cooking actions with fine-grained annotationsarXiv · GitHub · Website
Assembly101[CVPR 2022] Egocentric procedural dataset for assembling and disassembling 101 toy vehiclesarXiv · GitHub · Website
HOI4D[CVPR 2022] Egocentric 4D dataset for category-level human-object interaction manipulationarXiv · GitHub · Website
EgoProceL[ECCV 2022] Egocentric procedural learning benchmark for keystep recognition from instructional videosarXiv · GitHub
LEMMA[ECCV 2020] Multi-person, multi-task dataset for compositional action understandingarXiv · Website
EGTEA Gaze+[ECCV 2018] First-person cooking dataset with gaze and hand masks for fine-grained recognitionarXiv · Website
EPIC-Kitchens ChallengesAnnual challenges on action recognition, detection, anticipation, and retrievalWebsite
EgoPlan-Bench[IJCV 2024] Benchmarking MLLMs for human-level task planning from egocentric video with real-world household scenariosarXiv · GitHub

3D Scene Understanding

Benchmarks for grounding language and reasoning in 3D scenes for embodied perception.

NameHighlightsReferences
EmbodiedScan[CVPR 2024] Holistic 3D perception benchmark with RGB-D input from egocentric viewsarXiv · GitHub · Website
LEO[ICML 2024] Embodied generalist benchmark requiring 3D scene understanding for grounded dialogue and planningarXiv · GitHub · Website
SQA3D (Situated QA)[ICLR 2023] Situated reasoning benchmark where agents answer questions from a 3D first-person perspectivearXiv · GitHub · Website
3D-VisTA[ICCV 2023] Pre-trained transformer for 3D VL tasks: grounding, QA, and dense captioningarXiv · GitHub · Website
MultiScan[NeurIPS 2022] Multi-scan indoor reconstruction with articulated object annotations for VLA researcharXiv · GitHub · Website
ScanEnts3D[ECCV 2022] Links 3D scene entities to text mentions for fine-grained object groundingarXiv · GitHub
ScanRefer[ECCV 2020] Localizes objects in 3D point clouds using free-form language descriptionsarXiv · GitHub · Website
CLEVR3D3D extension of CLEVR for spatial reasoning questions in synthetic environmentsGitHub
Nu-Scenes QAQA benchmark grounded in outdoor 3D LiDAR scenes for driving reasoningarXiv · GitHub
MMScan[NeurIPS 2024] Multi-modal 3D scene dataset with 1.4M hierarchical grounded language annotations on 109k objects and benchmarks for visual grounding and QAarXiv · GitHub · Website
SceneVerse[ECCV 2024] Large-scale 3D vision-language dataset with 68K indoor scenes and 2.5M language-scene pairs for grounded scene understanding and spatial reasoningarXiv · GitHub · Website

Language-Grounded Perception

Benchmarks for visual grounding, referring expressions, and spatial language understanding.

NameHighlightsReferences
SeedBench-2-Plus[NeurIPS 2024] Extended SEED-Bench focusing on charts, maps, web pages, and document comprehensionarXiv · GitHub
ARO (Attribution, Relation, Order)[ICLR 2023] Reveals VLMs' limited sensitivity to word order and relational structurearXiv · GitHub
VSR (Visual Spatial Reasoning)[NAACL 2022] True/false benchmark testing spatial relationships between objects in imagesarXiv · GitHub
Winoground[CVPR 2022] Tests visio-linguistic compositional reasoning via image-caption matching with swapped wordsarXiv · HF
FLUTE[EMNLP 2022] Figurative language understanding for VLMs involving metaphors and similesarXiv · GitHub
GQA[CVPR 2019] Compositional QA benchmark requiring multi-step spatial and relational reasoningarXiv · Website
Visual Genome[IJCV 2017] Densely annotated images with region descriptions, QA, and scene graphs for grounded understandingarXiv · GitHub · Website
CLEVR[CVPR 2017] Compositional language and elementary visual reasoning diagnostic benchmarkarXiv · GitHub · Website
RefCOCO / RefCOCO+ / RefCOCOg[ECCV 2016] Referring expression comprehension benchmarks for localizing objects from natural languagearXiv · GitHub
SpatialBotSpatial understanding benchmark evaluating depth-aware reasoning in VLMsGitHub

Infrastructure & Resources

Supporting resources used to run, compare, and reproduce VLA benchmark results.

Simulation Environments & Platforms

Simulation platforms and task environments used to build or execute VLA benchmarks.

NameHighlightsReferences
IsaacGym[NeurIPS 2021] Legacy GPU physics simulation for massively parallel RL training on dexterous tasksarXiv · Website
Robosuite[IROS 2021] Modular robot learning framework built on MuJoCo with standardized task suitesarXiv · GitHub · Website
SAPIEN[CVPR 2020] Simulation platform for articulated object manipulation with PhysX physicsarXiv · GitHub · Website
Habitat-Sim[ICCV 2019] High-performance 3D simulator for embodied AI with photorealistic rendering and physicsarXiv · GitHub · Website
CARLA[CoRL 2017] Open urban driving simulator with rich sensor modalities for autonomous driving researcharXiv · GitHub · Website
MuJoCo[IROS 2012] Fast and accurate physics simulation engine widely used for locomotion and manipulationarXiv · GitHub · Website
IsaacSim / IsaacLabNVIDIA's GPU-accelerated simulation platform for robot learning and VLA developmentGitHub · Website
GenesisGenerative simulation engine with ultra-fast physics and photorealistic renderingarXiv · GitHub · Website
PyBullet / Panda-GymOpen-source physics simulation with Panda robot gym environments for tabletop manipulationGitHub · Website
OmniGibsonNVIDIA Omniverse-based simulation for BEHAVIOR-1K with realistic physics and renderingarXiv · GitHub · Website
AI2-THOR (Simulator)Photorealistic interactive indoor simulation for embodied household task researcharXiv · GitHub · Website
CoppeliaSim (V-REP)Versatile robot simulation platform underlying RLBench and other benchmarksWebsite
SUMOMicroscopic traffic simulation supporting multi-modal transportation researchGitHub · Website
XR-EgoBenchExtended reality egocentric benchmark platform for AR/VR embodied agent evaluationGitHub

Large-Scale Datasets & Model Hubs

Datasets and model hubs that provide training assets, benchmark data, or evaluation-facing artifacts for VLA work.

NameHighlightsReferences
HuggingFace LeRobot DatasetsStandardized real-robot demonstration datasets for VLA training and benchmarkingGitHub · HF
HuggingFace Open-VLAHuggingFace hub for OpenVLA model weights, training data, and evaluation scriptsGitHub · HF
HuggingFace Robot BenchmarksCurated collection of robot learning benchmarks and evaluation protocolsHF
Open X-Embodiment DatasetHuggingFace mirror of the OXE cross-embodiment dataset aggregating 1M+ robot episodesarXiv · HF
RoboSetLarge-scale robot manipulation dataset with 100k+ demonstrations across 12 task categoriesarXiv · Website
DROID Dataset76k robot manipulation demonstrations on HuggingFace for diverse real-world VLA trainingarXiv · HF
BridgeData V2 (HF)HuggingFace version of BridgeData V2 for easy access and VLA pretrainingarXiv · HF
EgoMimic DatasetPaired egocentric human video and robot demonstration dataset for VLA transfer learningarXiv · Website
RH20TLarge-scale robotic dataset with 110k demonstrations across 20 tasksarXiv · GitHub · Website
Ego4D HuggingFaceEgo4D benchmark data accessible via HuggingFace for convenient evaluationarXiv · HF

Leaderboards & Evaluation Platforms

Leaderboards and evaluation services that host benchmark results, competitions, or public comparisons.

NameHighlightsReferences
EvalAICloud-based challenge platform hosting embodied AI, VQA, navigation, and VLA competitionsWebsite
PaperWithCode Embodied AILive leaderboards tracking SOTA across navigation, manipulation, and QA benchmarksWebsite
HuggingFace Open VLA LeaderboardCommunity leaderboard for real-world robot VLA performanceHF
Open-Compass (OpenVLM Leaderboard)Comprehensive VLM leaderboard comparing models across 50+ benchmarksWebsite
LIBERO LeaderboardOfficial leaderboard for the LIBERO manipulation benchmark suiteWebsite
CARLA Autonomous Driving LeaderboardOfficial competition leaderboard for autonomous driving agents in CARLAWebsite
WebArena LeaderboardCommunity tracking sheet for web agent performance on WebArenaWebsite
OSWorld LeaderboardLive leaderboard for OS computer-use agents on the OSWorld benchmarkWebsite
Ego4D Challenges (EvalAI)Annual Ego4D challenge tracks on episodic memory, forecasting, AV, hands, and narrationsWebsite
BEHAVIOR-1K LeaderboardEvaluation results for household activity agents in the BEHAVIOR benchmarkWebsite
AgentBench LeaderboardRankings for LLM-as-agent performance across OS, web, game, and database tasksWebsite
EmbodiedBench LeaderboardCVPR 2026 challenge leaderboard for MLLM-based embodied agents across high-level and low-level tasksWebsite

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING.md for repository scope, placement rules, row format, sorting expectations, and the pull request checklist.


Maintenance

  • Use the issue templates for broken links, metadata corrections, benchmark suggestions, and reclassification requests.
  • Open an issue before a pull request when changing top-level taxonomy, naming conventions, or repository-wide formatting rules.
  • Keep entries concrete and linkable so the list stays useful as a reference rather than a broad survey of adjacent work.

License

License: CC0-1.0

This list is released under the CC0 1.0 Universal public domain dedication. You are free to copy, modify, and distribute this work, even for commercial purposes, without asking permission.

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robonebula/awesome-vla-benchmarks

A curated list of benchmarks for evaluating Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models

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Awesome VLA Benchmarks Awesome

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A curated list of benchmarks for evaluating Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models and closely related embodied agents across robotics, autonomous driving, GUI agents, interactive environments, and multimodal perception. This repository is benchmark-first and includes datasets, simulation platforms, and evaluation resources only when they directly support benchmark usage, comparison, or reproducibility.


Contents


Scope

  • Benchmarks whose primary artifact is an evaluation suite, challenge, or task collection for VLA or embodied agents
  • Task environments, benchmark datasets, and evaluation platforms that are directly used to measure agent performance
  • Supporting resources such as simulators, model hubs, or leaderboards when they materially help readers run, compare, or reproduce benchmark results
  • Benchmarks spanning robot manipulation, navigation, household interaction, autonomous driving, GUI agents, games, egocentric video, and multimodal perception

This list does not aim to track model-only papers, generic multimodal benchmarks with no action or embodied relevance, or infrastructure projects that do not directly support benchmark use.

Embodied Robotics

Benchmarks for embodied agents operating in physical or simulated robotic environments.

Robot Manipulation

Benchmarks for language-conditioned manipulation with robot arms, mobile manipulators, or bimanual systems.

NameHighlightsReferences
Open X-Embodiment (OXE)[ICRA 2024] Cross-embodiment dataset with 1M+ robot episodes from 22 institutions and 22 robot typesarXiv · GitHub · Website
DROID[RSS 2024] 76k demonstrations across diverse real-world environments for scalable VLA trainingarXiv · GitHub · Website
ManiSkill3[NeurIPS 2024] GPU-parallelized simulation with richer tasks and improved evaluation protocolsarXiv · GitHub · Website
RoboCasa[RSS 2024] 100+ kitchen manipulation tasks in photorealistic MuJoCo-based environmentsarXiv · GitHub · Website
SimplerEnv[CoRL 2024] Simulation evaluation framework designed to correlate with real-world VLA performancearXiv · GitHub · Website
Mobile ALOHA[CoRL 2024] Extends ALOHA to a mobile whole-body platform for real-world household tasksarXiv · GitHub · Website
RoboAgent[ICRA 2024] Generalizable manipulation via semantic augmentations evaluated on 12 real-world tasksarXiv · GitHub · Website
Octo[RSS 2024] Generalist robot policy trained on OXE data, evaluated across BridgeV2 and FrankaarXiv · GitHub · HF · Website
GR-1[ICLR 2024] ByteDance's generalist manipulation policy evaluated on CALVIN and real-world tasksarXiv · GitHub
OpenVLA[CoRL 2024] Open-source 7B VLA model evaluated on BridgeV2 and OXE tasksarXiv · GitHub · HF · Website
LIBERO[NeurIPS 2023] Knowledge transfer across 130 language-conditioned tasks in 4 structured suitesarXiv · GitHub · Website
VIMA-BENCH[ICML 2023] 17 task types specified via interleaved text-and-image prompts for multimodal manipulationarXiv · GitHub · Website
FurnitureBench[RSS 2023] Real and simulated furniture assembly requiring long-horizon dexterous manipulationarXiv · GitHub · Website
BridgeData V2[CoRL 2023] Large-scale tabletop manipulation with language annotations across diverse kitchen scenesarXiv · GitHub · Website
ManiSkill2[ICLR 2023] 20 task families with rigid/soft-body physics for generalizable manipulation skill evaluationarXiv · GitHub · Website
ALOHA / ACT[RSS 2023] Low-cost bimanual teleoperation with imitation learning demonstrationsarXiv · GitHub · Website
RT-1[RSS 2023] Google's Robotics Transformer trained on 700+ real-world manipulation tasksarXiv · Website
RT-2[CoRL 2023] Combines internet-scale VLM pretraining with robot control for emergent generalizationarXiv · Website
CALVIN[RA-L 2022] Long-horizon manipulation requiring chaining up to 5 language-conditioned tasks in a rowarXiv · GitHub · Website
RoboMimic[CoRL 2021] Standardized demonstration datasets and algorithm baselines for robot learningarXiv · GitHub · Website
RLBench[RA-L 2020] 100+ unique language-conditioned tasks in CoppeliaSim simulatorarXiv · GitHub
MetaWorld[CoRL 2020] 50 distinct tabletop manipulation tasks for multi-task and meta-RLarXiv · GitHub · Website
Franka Kitchen[CoRL 2019] Multi-task kitchen manipulation with a Franka Panda robot across 7 compound subtasksarXiv · GitHub
SpatialBenchEvaluates spatial reasoning capabilities of VLMs in manipulation contextsGitHub
π0 (pi-zero)Physical Intelligence's large robot foundation model for diverse dexterous tasksarXiv · Website
VLABench[ICCV 2025] Large-scale benchmark for language-conditioned manipulation with long-horizon reasoning across 100 tasks and multiple dimensionsarXiv · GitHub · HF · Website
RoboVerse[RSS 2025] Unified platform, dataset, and benchmark for scalable and generalizable robot learning across 5000+ tasksarXiv · GitHub · Website
MIKASA-Robo[ICLR 2026] Benchmark for robotic tabletop manipulation with 32 memory-intensive tasks covering object, spatial, sequential, and capacity memoryarXiv · GitHub · Website
RoboVLMsComprehensive evaluation of VLMs as robot policy foundation models across manipulation tasksGitHub · Website
RoboTwin[CVPR 2025] Dual-arm robot benchmark with generative digital twins for automated data collection across 50 diverse bimanual manipulation tasksarXiv · GitHub · Website
BiGymDemo-driven mobile bi-manual manipulation benchmark with 40 novel household tasks spanning easy to extremely difficult difficulty levelsarXiv · GitHub · Website

Dexterous Manipulation & Locomotion

Benchmarks for dexterous hands, whole-body control, and locomotion-oriented embodied control.

NameHighlightsReferences
HumanoidBench[NeurIPS 2024] 27 diverse whole-body tasks for humanoid robot control evaluationarXiv · GitHub · Website
DexArt[CVPR 2023] 4 complex dexterous tasks for articulated object manipulation with a multi-fingered handarXiv · GitHub · Website
DexDeform[ICLR 2023] 5 dexterous deformable object manipulation tasks for learning contact-rich policiesarXiv · GitHub
LEAP Hand[CoRL 2023] Low-cost dexterous hand platform with benchmark tasks for in-hand manipulationarXiv · Website
MyoSuite[NeurIPS 2022] Musculoskeletal simulation for physiologically accurate hand and arm controlarXiv · GitHub · Website
IsaacGym Benchmark[NeurIPS 2021] GPU-accelerated dexterous benchmarks including in-hand cube reorientation and pen spinningarXiv · Website
D4RL[NeurIPS 2020] Offline RL benchmark covering locomotion, manipulation, and navigation with standardized datasetsarXiv · GitHub
DeepMind Control Suite[JMLR 2020] Continuous control tasks for locomotion and manipulation used as standard RL/VLA baselinesarXiv · GitHub
Adroit[RSS 2018] 24-DoF anthropomorphic hand benchmark for pen, door, hammer, and relocate tasksarXiv · GitHub

Embodied Navigation

Benchmarks for navigation in 3D environments from language, visual, or object-goal instructions.

NameHighlightsReferences
GOAT-Bench[CVPR 2024] Multi-modal lifelong navigation benchmark with sequential object goals specified by category, language, or image in open-vocabulary settingsGitHub · Website
OpenEQA[CVPR 2024] Embodied Question Answering in the era of foundation models with 1600+ questions spanning spatial, object, and functional understandingarXiv · GitHub · Website
ScanQA[CVPR 2022] Spatial question answering grounded in 3D indoor point cloud environmentsarXiv · GitHub
SOON[CVPR 2021] Scenario-oriented object navigation requiring reasoning about object-scene relationsarXiv · Website
ImageNav[ICCV 2021] Navigation to a goal specified by an image rather than a category labelGitHub
VLN-BERT / HAMT[CVPR 2021] BERT-based and history-aware transformer approaches evaluated on R2R and REVERIEarXiv · GitHub
MultiON[CVPR 2021] Multi-object navigation requiring sequential finding of multiple target objectsarXiv · Website
RxR (Room-Across-Rooms)[EMNLP 2020] Multilingual navigation in 3 languages with denser annotations than R2RarXiv · GitHub
REVERIE[CVPR 2020] Combines long-horizon navigation with object grounding via referring expressionsarXiv · GitHub · Website
ObjectNav (Habitat)[NeurIPS 2020] Navigate to a specified object category in novel photorealistic environmentsarXiv · Website
VLN-CE[EMNLP 2020] Continuous-environment R2R in Habitat without discrete viewpoint teleportationarXiv · GitHub
CVDN[CVPR 2019] Cooperative multi-turn dialogue navigation where a helper guides an agent to a targetarXiv · GitHub
TOUCHDOWN[CVPR 2019] Street-view navigation in real-world NYC following natural language descriptionsarXiv · GitHub
R2R (Room-to-Room)[CVPR 2018] Foundational VLN benchmark for instruction-following navigation in Matterport3DarXiv · GitHub · Website
EQA (Embodied Question Answering)[CVPR 2018] Agents navigate and answer visual questions about indoor environmentsarXiv · Website
MP3D (Matterport3D)[CVPR 2017] Large-scale RGB-D indoor dataset widely used as a navigation substrateWebsite

Embodied Multi-Task & Household

Benchmarks for household and open-world agents that combine navigation, manipulation, and task reasoning.

NameHighlightsReferences
Habitat 3.0[ICLR 2024] Social navigation, collaboration, and rearrangement tasks in embodied AI simulationarXiv · GitHub · Website
EmbodiedBench[ICML 2025] Comprehensive benchmark evaluating MLLMs as embodied agents across 1128 tasks spanning high-level (household, habitat) and low-level (manipulation, navigation) with 6 capability dimensionsarXiv · GitHub · Website
ARNOLD[ICCV 2023] Language-conditioned articulated object state change tasks in 3D scenesarXiv · GitHub · Website
TEACh[AAAI 2022] Task completion in AI2-THOR via multi-turn dialogue historyarXiv · GitHub
ProcTHOR[NeurIPS 2022] Procedurally generated AI2-THOR houses for training and evaluating generalist embodied agentsarXiv · GitHub · Website
ALFWorld[ICLR 2021] Aligns TextWorld with AI2-THOR for language-conditioned household task completionarXiv · GitHub · Website
ThreeDWorld (TDW)[NeurIPS 2021] Multi-modal physical simulation for transport, manipulation, and multi-agent tasksarXiv · GitHub · Website
Watch-And-Help[ICLR 2021] Social intelligence benchmark for agent cooperation in VirtualHome environmentsarXiv · GitHub
AI2-THOR[CVPR 2018] Interactive 3D household simulation with physics for pick-and-place, slicing, cooking, and morearXiv · GitHub · Website
VirtualHome[CVPR 2018] Multi-step household simulation supporting natural language program executionarXiv · GitHub · Website
BEHAVIOR-1K1000 household activities grounded in real human needs, simulated in OmniGibsonGitHub · Website
LANMPLanguage-conditioned navigation and manipulation on a real mobile manipulatorarXiv · GitHub

Social & Human-Robot Interaction

Benchmarks for socially aware, collaborative, or communicative robot behavior.

NameHighlightsReferences
Habitat 3.0 Social Nav[ICLR 2024] Social navigation requiring robots to move around humans and follow social normsarXiv · Website
ConcepFusion / LangNav[RSS 2023] Open-vocabulary 3D feature fields enabling natural language queries for navigationarXiv · GitHub
TDW-Social[NeurIPS 2021] Multi-agent social simulation requiring cooperation and communication in TDWarXiv · GitHub · Website
SEAN[RA-L 2020] Navigation benchmark requiring socially compliant behavior around pedestriansarXiv · Website
RoboTHOR ChallengeObjectNav challenge bridging simulation and real robot deployment in home-like environmentsarXiv · Website
ProCoProactive cooperation benchmark requiring initiative and dialogue from embodied agentsGitHub

Autonomous Driving

Benchmarks for driving agents that ground perception, language, and decision-making in traffic scenes.

NameHighlightsReferences
DriveLM[ECCV 2024] Graph-structured vision-language QA benchmark for end-to-end driving on nuScenesarXiv · GitHub · HF
LingoQA[CVPR 2024] Video QA benchmark for driving scene understanding grounded in real-world footagearXiv · GitHub
Rank2Tell[WACV 2024] Dataset for ranking and describing important objects in driving scenesarXiv · GitHub
MAPLM[WACV 2024] Map-based language model benchmark for understanding HD maps in autonomous drivingarXiv · GitHub
NuScenes-QA[AAAI 2024] 460k QA pairs for visual question answering built on nuScenesarXiv · GitHub
TOD3Cap[ECCV 2024] 3D dense captioning for autonomous driving with 2.3M natural language descriptionsarXiv · GitHub
DriveVLM[CoRL 2024] Chain-of-thought VLM reasoning integrated with motion planning for autonomous drivingarXiv · Website
MMAD[NeurIPS 2024] Massive multimodal AD benchmark with 18 perception and reasoning subtasksarXiv · GitHub
nuScenes[CVPR 2020] Large-scale AD dataset with 3D bounding boxes, HD maps, and rich multi-sensor dataGitHub · Website
Waymo Open Dataset[CVPR 2020] High-quality driving dataset with LiDAR and camera data for perception and predictionWebsite
BDD-X[ECCV 2018] Explainable driving dataset with textual descriptions and justifications for actionsarXiv · GitHub
CARLA Challenge[CoRL 2017] Open urban driving simulation benchmark for route completion and safety complianceGitHub · Website
nuPlanClosed-loop motion planning benchmark with expert demonstrations and reactive simulationarXiv · GitHub · Website
DriveBenchComprehensive benchmark evaluating VLMs across multiple driving perception and QA tasksWebsite
VLAADVision-Language-Action benchmark for autonomous driving with natural language instructionsGitHub
LaMPilot[CVPR 2024] Open benchmark dataset for autonomous driving evaluated via language model programsarXiv · GitHub
STSBenchSpatio-temporal scenario benchmark for evaluating MLLMs in interactive autonomous driving scenariosGitHub
Drive4CClosed-loop benchmark assessing what foundation models need to enable language-guided autonomous drivingGitHub
NAVSIM[NeurIPS 2024] Non-reactive simulation benchmark for data-driven autonomous driving evaluation with 1000+ hours of real-world driving dataarXiv · GitHub
Bench2DriveClosed-loop multi-ability benchmark for end-to-end autonomous driving across 220 scenarios in CARLA covering perception, prediction, and planningarXiv · GitHub

GUI & Computer-Use Agents

Benchmarks for agents that perceive graphical interfaces and act through keyboard and mouse inputs.

NameHighlightsReferences
AndroidWorld[ICLR 2025] 116 programmatic tasks across 20 real Android appsarXiv · GitHub · Website
GUI-Odyssey[ICCV 2025] Cross-app Android navigation requiring multi-step actions across multiple appsarXiv · GitHub
WebArena[ICLR 2024] 812 realistic tasks across e-commerce, social, coding, and content websitesarXiv · GitHub · Website
VisualWebArena[ACL 2024] Extends WebArena with visually grounded tasks requiring image-based reasoningarXiv · GitHub · Website
OSWorld[NeurIPS 2024] 369 open-ended computer tasks in real OS environments (Ubuntu, Windows, macOS)arXiv · GitHub · HF · Website
ScreenSpot[ACL 2024] GUI grounding benchmark for localizing UI elements from text instructionsarXiv · GitHub
AssistGUI[CVPR 2024] Desktop productivity benchmark (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) with video-based evaluationarXiv · GitHub · Website
AgentBench[ICLR 2024] LLM-as-agent benchmark with 8 environments: OS, database, web, games, and morearXiv · GitHub · Website
WorkArena[ICML 2024] 33 enterprise software tasks on a real ServiceNow instancearXiv · GitHub · Website
SWE-bench[ICLR 2024] Requires agents to resolve real GitHub issues as a software engineering challengearXiv · GitHub · Website
τ-bench (tau-bench)[NeurIPS 2024] Tool-agent-user interaction benchmark evaluating agentic task completion with tool usearXiv · GitHub
Mind2Web[NeurIPS 2023] 2000+ tasks from 137 real-world websites for generalist web agent evaluationGitHub · Website
AITW (Android in the Wild)[NeurIPS 2023] Large-scale human demonstration dataset on Android devices across diverse tasksarXiv · GitHub
WebSRC[EMNLP 2021] Structural reading comprehension for understanding web page layouts and contentarXiv · GitHub · Website
Screen2Words[UIST 2021] 112k human-annotated mobile UI screen summaries for screen captioningarXiv · GitHub
MiniWob++[ICLR 2018] 100+ browser mini-tasks (clicking, typing, form filling) for web interactionGitHub · Website
WindowsAgentArena154 Windows OS tasks spanning productivity, web, and system applicationsarXiv · GitHub · Website
ScreenSpot-ProGUI grounding benchmark for professional high-resolution computer use across complex desktop applicationsarXiv · GitHub
Spider2-V[NeurIPS 2024] 494 tasks testing multimodal agents at automating real-world data science and engineering workflowsarXiv · GitHub · Website
GUI-WorldComprehensive GUI benchmark for evaluating multimodal agents across mobile, web, and desktop interfaces with sequential tasks and QA scenariosarXiv · GitHub · Website
AndroidLab[ICLR 2025] Systematic environment and benchmark for training and evaluating Android autonomous agents across 138 tasks in 9 appsarXiv · GitHub · Website
OmniACTDataset and benchmark for multimodal autonomous agents performing computer tasks via UI element grounding across desktop and web interfacesarXiv · GitHub · Website
AgentTrekAutomated GUI agent trajectory synthesis benchmark derived from web tutorials with 15K+ step-level annotations for agent training and evaluationarXiv · GitHub · Website

Game & Interactive Environments

Benchmarks for language-guided sequential decision-making in games and interactive simulated worlds.

NameHighlightsReferences
Voyager / DEPS[NeurIPS 2023] LLM-powered lifelong learning Minecraft agent evaluation frameworkarXiv · GitHub · Website
MineRL / MineDojo[NeurIPS 2022] 3000+ open-ended Minecraft tasks leveraging internet-scale video knowledgearXiv · GitHub · Website
ScienceWorld[EMNLP 2022] 30 science experiment tasks requiring procedural multi-step reasoning and actionarXiv · GitHub · Website
CrafterBench[TMLR 2022] Open-world survival game measuring 22 achievements requiring long-horizon planningarXiv · GitHub
BEHAVIOR (iGibson)[NeurIPS 2021] 100 household activities in iGibson simulation requiring physical commonsense reasoningGitHub · Website
NetHack Learning Environment (NLE)[NeurIPS 2020] Complex roguelike game for long-horizon decision making and language-conditioned playarXiv · GitHub
Atari-HEAD[AAAI 2019] Human eye-tracking data for Atari games enabling human-like visual attention evaluationarXiv · GitHub
BabyAI[ICLR 2019] Gridworld benchmark with 19 procedurally generated instruction difficulty levelsarXiv · GitHub
GROOTOpen-ended Minecraft agent benchmark with skill learning and generalizationGitHub
MiniGrid / MiniWorldLightweight 2D/3D grid environments for language-conditioned navigation and reasoningGitHub
TextWorldFramework for generating and playing text-based adventure games to train language agentsarXiv · GitHub

Multimodal Perception & Understanding

Benchmarks for multimodal perception, temporal understanding, and grounding capabilities that support VLA systems.

General Multimodal

Benchmarks for general multimodal reasoning, instruction following, and cross-modal grounding.

NameHighlightsReferences
MMMU[CVPR 2024] 11.5k expert-level questions across 57 subjects for massive multidisciplinary evaluationarXiv · GitHub · HF · Website
MMBench[ECCV 2024] Systematic 20-dimension VLM evaluation with 3000 questionsarXiv · GitHub · Website
SEED-Bench[CVPR 2024] 19K questions across 12 dimensions for multi-granularity generative MLLM evaluationarXiv · GitHub
HallusionBench[CVPR 2024] Hallucination detection benchmark for visual understanding in VLMsarXiv · GitHub
MMStar[NeurIPS 2024] 1500 carefully curated samples minimizing data leakage and requiring genuine VL reasoningarXiv · GitHub · Website
CV-Bench[EMNLP 2024] Compositional reasoning and spatial understanding benchmark for VLMsGitHub
BLINK[ECCV 2024] Visual perception benchmark targeting human intuitive abilities that challenge VLMsarXiv · GitHub · Website
WildVision[NeurIPS 2024] Real-world VLM evaluation via human preference collected from live user interactionsHF
VLMEvalKit[ACM MM 2024] Open-source toolkit supporting 100+ VLMs across 50+ benchmarksarXiv · GitHub
POPE[EMNLP 2023] Polling-based object probing for evaluating object hallucination in VLMsarXiv · GitHub
MME14-subtask benchmark covering MLLM perception and cognition capabilitiesarXiv · GitHub
TouchStoneGPT-4 scored VLM evaluation across 5 ability dimensionsarXiv · GitHub
RealWorldQAReal-world spatial understanding benchmark from xAI testing physical world reasoningWebsite
MMTEMultimodal task execution benchmark for following complex visual instructionsGitHub
MMIU[ICLR 2025] Multimodal Multi-image Understanding benchmark with 7 image-relationship types, 52 tasks, and 11K questions for evaluating LVLMsarXiv · GitHub · Website
MathVista[ICLR 2024] Mathematical reasoning in visual contexts benchmark requiring compositional reasoning across 28 math tasks and 5 visual typesarXiv · GitHub · Website
MMMU-Pro[NeurIPS 2024] More robust MMMU extension with college-level expert questions requiring genuine multimodal understanding, resistant to language-only shortcutsarXiv · GitHub · Website
CharXiv[NeurIPS 2024] Chart understanding benchmark exposing significant gaps in VLMs on 2323 scientific paper figures with descriptive and reasoning tasksarXiv · GitHub · Website
OlympiadBench[ACL 2024] Olympiad-level bilingual multimodal science benchmark with 8952 problems in mathematics and physics for frontier VLM evaluationarXiv · GitHub
MEGA-Bench[NeurIPS 2024] Scaling multimodal evaluation to 500+ diverse real-world tasks covering perception, reasoning, and generation across many domainsarXiv · GitHub · Website
MM-Vet v2Harder and more comprehensive integrated capabilities benchmark for large multimodal models using GPT-4 scoring across 16 skillsarXiv · GitHub

Video & Temporal Understanding

Benchmarks for temporal video understanding, action reasoning, and long-context event interpretation.

NameHighlightsReferences
TemporalBench[ICLR 2025] Fine-grained temporal video understanding benchmark for VLMs with 2M QA pairsarXiv · GitHub
Video-MME[CVPR 2025] First comprehensive evaluation benchmark of MLLMs in video analysis covering short/medium/long videos across 30 domainsarXiv · GitHub · Website
LongVideoBench[NeurIPS 2024] Long-context interleaved video-language understanding benchmark with 6678 questions on videos ranging from minutes to 1 hourarXiv · GitHub · Website
MLVU[NeurIPS 2024] Multi-task long video understanding benchmark with 9 task types spanning holistic, single-detail, and multi-detail evaluation across 10–180 minute videosarXiv · GitHub
MVBench[CVPR 2024] 20 challenging temporal reasoning tasks for multi-task video understandingarXiv · GitHub
EgoTaskQA[NeurIPS 2022] Egocentric video QA with task goal inference, procedural reasoning, and state trackingarXiv · GitHub
STAR (Situated Reasoning)[NeurIPS 2021] Situated temporal action reasoning with 4 question types grounded in real videosarXiv · Website
NExT-QA[CVPR 2021] Video QA benchmark emphasizing causal and temporal reasoning about actionsarXiv · GitHub · Website
COIN[CVPR 2019] 11,827 instructional videos across 180 tasks and 778 procedural stepsarXiv · GitHub · Website
CrossTask[CVPR 2019] Procedural activity understanding across 83 instructional video tasksarXiv · GitHub
HowTo100M[ICCV 2019] Narrated instructional videos for learning action-language grounding at scalearXiv · Website
Something-Something v2[ICCV 2017] Temporal reasoning requiring understanding of object interactions and motion directionarXiv · Website
Charades[ECCV 2016] Indoor activity dataset requiring temporal localization and compositional reasoningarXiv · Website
ActivityNet[CVPR 2015] Activity recognition, localization, and dense video captioning at large scalearXiv · Website
Kinetics-700Large-scale action recognition dataset with 700 human action classesarXiv · Website
Video-BenchVideo-exclusive benchmark for evaluating video understanding capabilities in MLLMsarXiv · GitHub
VideoVistaDiverse video understanding benchmark spanning 14 task types and 35 categoriesarXiv · GitHub
DREAM-1KProcedural video understanding benchmark for evaluating robot task planningarXiv · GitHub

Egocentric & Activity

Benchmarks for egocentric perception and activity understanding from first-person video.

NameHighlightsReferences
Ego-Exo4D[CVPR 2024] Paired egocentric and exocentric video dataset for skill assessment and correspondencearXiv · Website
Ego4D[CVPR 2022] 3670h egocentric video with benchmarks for episodic memory, forecasting, and hand-object interactionarXiv · GitHub · Website
EPIC-Kitchens-100[IJCV 2022] 100 hours of unscripted egocentric cooking actions with fine-grained annotationsarXiv · GitHub · Website
Assembly101[CVPR 2022] Egocentric procedural dataset for assembling and disassembling 101 toy vehiclesarXiv · GitHub · Website
HOI4D[CVPR 2022] Egocentric 4D dataset for category-level human-object interaction manipulationarXiv · GitHub · Website
EgoProceL[ECCV 2022] Egocentric procedural learning benchmark for keystep recognition from instructional videosarXiv · GitHub
LEMMA[ECCV 2020] Multi-person, multi-task dataset for compositional action understandingarXiv · Website
EGTEA Gaze+[ECCV 2018] First-person cooking dataset with gaze and hand masks for fine-grained recognitionarXiv · Website
EPIC-Kitchens ChallengesAnnual challenges on action recognition, detection, anticipation, and retrievalWebsite
EgoPlan-Bench[IJCV 2024] Benchmarking MLLMs for human-level task planning from egocentric video with real-world household scenariosarXiv · GitHub

3D Scene Understanding

Benchmarks for grounding language and reasoning in 3D scenes for embodied perception.

NameHighlightsReferences
EmbodiedScan[CVPR 2024] Holistic 3D perception benchmark with RGB-D input from egocentric viewsarXiv · GitHub · Website
LEO[ICML 2024] Embodied generalist benchmark requiring 3D scene understanding for grounded dialogue and planningarXiv · GitHub · Website
SQA3D (Situated QA)[ICLR 2023] Situated reasoning benchmark where agents answer questions from a 3D first-person perspectivearXiv · GitHub · Website
3D-VisTA[ICCV 2023] Pre-trained transformer for 3D VL tasks: grounding, QA, and dense captioningarXiv · GitHub · Website
MultiScan[NeurIPS 2022] Multi-scan indoor reconstruction with articulated object annotations for VLA researcharXiv · GitHub · Website
ScanEnts3D[ECCV 2022] Links 3D scene entities to text mentions for fine-grained object groundingarXiv · GitHub
ScanRefer[ECCV 2020] Localizes objects in 3D point clouds using free-form language descriptionsarXiv · GitHub · Website
CLEVR3D3D extension of CLEVR for spatial reasoning questions in synthetic environmentsGitHub
Nu-Scenes QAQA benchmark grounded in outdoor 3D LiDAR scenes for driving reasoningarXiv · GitHub
MMScan[NeurIPS 2024] Multi-modal 3D scene dataset with 1.4M hierarchical grounded language annotations on 109k objects and benchmarks for visual grounding and QAarXiv · GitHub · Website
SceneVerse[ECCV 2024] Large-scale 3D vision-language dataset with 68K indoor scenes and 2.5M language-scene pairs for grounded scene understanding and spatial reasoningarXiv · GitHub · Website

Language-Grounded Perception

Benchmarks for visual grounding, referring expressions, and spatial language understanding.

NameHighlightsReferences
SeedBench-2-Plus[NeurIPS 2024] Extended SEED-Bench focusing on charts, maps, web pages, and document comprehensionarXiv · GitHub
ARO (Attribution, Relation, Order)[ICLR 2023] Reveals VLMs' limited sensitivity to word order and relational structurearXiv · GitHub
VSR (Visual Spatial Reasoning)[NAACL 2022] True/false benchmark testing spatial relationships between objects in imagesarXiv · GitHub
Winoground[CVPR 2022] Tests visio-linguistic compositional reasoning via image-caption matching with swapped wordsarXiv · HF
FLUTE[EMNLP 2022] Figurative language understanding for VLMs involving metaphors and similesarXiv · GitHub
GQA[CVPR 2019] Compositional QA benchmark requiring multi-step spatial and relational reasoningarXiv · Website
Visual Genome[IJCV 2017] Densely annotated images with region descriptions, QA, and scene graphs for grounded understandingarXiv · GitHub · Website
CLEVR[CVPR 2017] Compositional language and elementary visual reasoning diagnostic benchmarkarXiv · GitHub · Website
RefCOCO / RefCOCO+ / RefCOCOg[ECCV 2016] Referring expression comprehension benchmarks for localizing objects from natural languagearXiv · GitHub
SpatialBotSpatial understanding benchmark evaluating depth-aware reasoning in VLMsGitHub

Infrastructure & Resources

Supporting resources used to run, compare, and reproduce VLA benchmark results.

Simulation Environments & Platforms

Simulation platforms and task environments used to build or execute VLA benchmarks.

NameHighlightsReferences
IsaacGym[NeurIPS 2021] Legacy GPU physics simulation for massively parallel RL training on dexterous tasksarXiv · Website
Robosuite[IROS 2021] Modular robot learning framework built on MuJoCo with standardized task suitesarXiv · GitHub · Website
SAPIEN[CVPR 2020] Simulation platform for articulated object manipulation with PhysX physicsarXiv · GitHub · Website
Habitat-Sim[ICCV 2019] High-performance 3D simulator for embodied AI with photorealistic rendering and physicsarXiv · GitHub · Website
CARLA[CoRL 2017] Open urban driving simulator with rich sensor modalities for autonomous driving researcharXiv · GitHub · Website
MuJoCo[IROS 2012] Fast and accurate physics simulation engine widely used for locomotion and manipulationarXiv · GitHub · Website
IsaacSim / IsaacLabNVIDIA's GPU-accelerated simulation platform for robot learning and VLA developmentGitHub · Website
GenesisGenerative simulation engine with ultra-fast physics and photorealistic renderingarXiv · GitHub · Website
PyBullet / Panda-GymOpen-source physics simulation with Panda robot gym environments for tabletop manipulationGitHub · Website
OmniGibsonNVIDIA Omniverse-based simulation for BEHAVIOR-1K with realistic physics and renderingarXiv · GitHub · Website
AI2-THOR (Simulator)Photorealistic interactive indoor simulation for embodied household task researcharXiv · GitHub · Website
CoppeliaSim (V-REP)Versatile robot simulation platform underlying RLBench and other benchmarksWebsite
SUMOMicroscopic traffic simulation supporting multi-modal transportation researchGitHub · Website
XR-EgoBenchExtended reality egocentric benchmark platform for AR/VR embodied agent evaluationGitHub

Large-Scale Datasets & Model Hubs

Datasets and model hubs that provide training assets, benchmark data, or evaluation-facing artifacts for VLA work.

NameHighlightsReferences
HuggingFace LeRobot DatasetsStandardized real-robot demonstration datasets for VLA training and benchmarkingGitHub · HF
HuggingFace Open-VLAHuggingFace hub for OpenVLA model weights, training data, and evaluation scriptsGitHub · HF
HuggingFace Robot BenchmarksCurated collection of robot learning benchmarks and evaluation protocolsHF
Open X-Embodiment DatasetHuggingFace mirror of the OXE cross-embodiment dataset aggregating 1M+ robot episodesarXiv · HF
RoboSetLarge-scale robot manipulation dataset with 100k+ demonstrations across 12 task categoriesarXiv · Website
DROID Dataset76k robot manipulation demonstrations on HuggingFace for diverse real-world VLA trainingarXiv · HF
BridgeData V2 (HF)HuggingFace version of BridgeData V2 for easy access and VLA pretrainingarXiv · HF
EgoMimic DatasetPaired egocentric human video and robot demonstration dataset for VLA transfer learningarXiv · Website
RH20TLarge-scale robotic dataset with 110k demonstrations across 20 tasksarXiv · GitHub · Website
Ego4D HuggingFaceEgo4D benchmark data accessible via HuggingFace for convenient evaluationarXiv · HF

Leaderboards & Evaluation Platforms

Leaderboards and evaluation services that host benchmark results, competitions, or public comparisons.

NameHighlightsReferences
EvalAICloud-based challenge platform hosting embodied AI, VQA, navigation, and VLA competitionsWebsite
PaperWithCode Embodied AILive leaderboards tracking SOTA across navigation, manipulation, and QA benchmarksWebsite
HuggingFace Open VLA LeaderboardCommunity leaderboard for real-world robot VLA performanceHF
Open-Compass (OpenVLM Leaderboard)Comprehensive VLM leaderboard comparing models across 50+ benchmarksWebsite
LIBERO LeaderboardOfficial leaderboard for the LIBERO manipulation benchmark suiteWebsite
CARLA Autonomous Driving LeaderboardOfficial competition leaderboard for autonomous driving agents in CARLAWebsite
WebArena LeaderboardCommunity tracking sheet for web agent performance on WebArenaWebsite
OSWorld LeaderboardLive leaderboard for OS computer-use agents on the OSWorld benchmarkWebsite
Ego4D Challenges (EvalAI)Annual Ego4D challenge tracks on episodic memory, forecasting, AV, hands, and narrationsWebsite
BEHAVIOR-1K LeaderboardEvaluation results for household activity agents in the BEHAVIOR benchmarkWebsite
AgentBench LeaderboardRankings for LLM-as-agent performance across OS, web, game, and database tasksWebsite
EmbodiedBench LeaderboardCVPR 2026 challenge leaderboard for MLLM-based embodied agents across high-level and low-level tasksWebsite

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING.md for repository scope, placement rules, row format, sorting expectations, and the pull request checklist.


Maintenance

  • Use the issue templates for broken links, metadata corrections, benchmark suggestions, and reclassification requests.
  • Open an issue before a pull request when changing top-level taxonomy, naming conventions, or repository-wide formatting rules.
  • Keep entries concrete and linkable so the list stays useful as a reference rather than a broad survey of adjacent work.

License

License: CC0-1.0

This list is released under the CC0 1.0 Universal public domain dedication. You are free to copy, modify, and distribute this work, even for commercial purposes, without asking permission.

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