llama.rn

React Native binding of llama.cpp - LLM inference in C/C++

Key Features:

• GPU/NPU Acceleration: Metal (iOS), Hexagon NPU (Android, Experimental) for on-device inference
• Multimodal Support: Support vision/audio understanding models through mmproj projector integration
• Text-to-Speech (Experimental): On-device neural TTS via codec.cpp — OuteTTS, Soprano, NeuTTS, CSM, Qwen3-TTS, MOSS, Chatterbox, BlueMagpie — with reference-audio voice cloning
• Parallel Decoding: Slot-based concurrent request processing with automatic queue management
• Tool Calling: Universal function calling support via Jinja templates
• Grammar Sampling: GBNF and JSON schema support for structured, constrained output generation

[!IMPORTANT] Starting with v0.10, llama.rn requires React Native's New Architecture.

For Old Architecture support or documentation for v0.9.x, please refer to the v0.9 branch.

Installation

npm install llama.rn

llama.rn downloads the pre-built ios/rnllama.xcframework and android/src/main/jniLibs from the matching GitHub release during postinstall. Existing downloads are reused, and each archive is verified with SHA-256 before extraction.

Bun

Bun does not run dependency lifecycle scripts unless the package is trusted. If you install llama.rn with Bun and want the native downloads to run automatically, add it to trustedDependencies and re-run bun install:

{
  "trustedDependencies": ["llama.rn"]
}

If you prefer not to trust dependency lifecycle scripts, run the downloader manually before npx pod-install or your Android build:

node ./node_modules/llama.rn/install/download-native-artifacts.js

iOS

Please re-run npx pod-install again.

By default, llama.rn will use pre-built rnllama.xcframework for iOS. If you want to build from source, please set RNLLAMA_BUILD_FROM_SOURCE to 1 in your Podfile.

Android

Add proguard rule if it's enabled in project (android/app/proguard-rules.pro):

# llama.rn
-keep class com.rnllama.** { *; }

By default, llama.rn will use pre-built libraries for Android. If you want to build from source, please set rnllamaBuildFromSource to true in android/gradle.properties.

OpenCL (GPU acceleration)

• Confirm the target device exposes an OpenCL-capable GPU (Qualcomm Adreno 700+ devices are currently supported & tested).
• Add <uses-native-library android:name="libOpenCL.so" android:required="false" /> to your app manifest so the loader can be loaded at runtime.
• Configure n_gpu_layers (> 0) when calling initLlama to offload layers to the GPU. The native result exposes gpu, reasonNoGPU, devices, so you can confirm runtime behaviour.

Hexagon (NPU acceleration) (Experimental)

• Confirm the target device has HTP (Hexagon Tensor Processor), Qualcomm SM8450+ (8 gen 1 or newer) devices are currently supported & tested).
• Add <uses-native-library android:name="libcdsprpc.so" android:required="false" /> to your app manifest so the loader can be loaded at runtime.
• Add param devices: ['HTP0'] (or HTP* for all HTP sessions) to use HTP devices.
• Configure n_gpu_layers (> 0) when calling initLlama to offload layers to the GPU. The native result exposes gpu, reasonNoGPU, devices, so you can confirm runtime behaviour.

Expo

For use with the Expo framework and CNG builds, you will need expo-build-properties to utilize iOS and OpenCL features. Simply add the following to your app.json/app.config.js file:

module.exports = {
  expo: {
    // ...
    plugins: [
      // ...
      [
        'llama.rn',
        // optional fields, below are the default values
        {
          enableEntitlements: true,
          entitlementsProfile: 'production',
          forceCxx20: true,
          enableOpenCL: true,
        },
      ],
    ],
  },
}

Obtain the model

You can search HuggingFace for available models (Keyword: GGUF).

For get a GGUF model or quantize manually, see quantize documentation in llama.cpp.

Usage

💡 You can find complete examples in the example project.

Load model info only:

import { loadLlamaModelInfo } from 'llama.rn'

const modelPath = 'file://<path to gguf model>'
console.log('Model Info:', await loadLlamaModelInfo(modelPath))

Initialize a Llama context & do completion:

import { initLlama } from 'llama.rn'

// Initial a Llama context with the model (may take a while)
const context = await initLlama({
  model: modelPath,
  use_mlock: true,
  n_ctx: 2048,
  n_gpu_layers: 99, // number of layers to store in GPU memory (Metal/OpenCL)
  // embedding: true, // use embedding
})

const stopWords = ['</s>', '<|end|>', '<|eot_id|>', '<|end_of_text|>', '<|im_end|>', '<|EOT|>', '<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|>', '<|end_of_turn|>', '<|endoftext|>']

// Do chat completion
const msgResult = await context.completion(
  {
    messages: [
      {
        role: 'system',
        content: 'This is a conversation between user and assistant, a friendly chatbot.',
      },
      {
        role: 'user',
        content: 'Hello!',
      },
    ],
    n_predict: 100,
    stop: stopWords,
    // ...other params
  },
  (data) => {
    // This is a partial completion callback
    const { token } = data
  },
)
console.log('Result:', msgResult.text)
console.log('Timings:', msgResult.timings)

// Or do text completion
const textResult = await context.completion(
  {
    prompt: 'This is a conversation between user and llama, a friendly chatbot. respond in simple markdown.\n\nUser: Hello!\nLlama:',
    n_predict: 100,
    stop: [...stopWords, 'Llama:', 'User:'],
    // ...other params
  },
  (data) => {
    // This is a partial completion callback
    const { token } = data
  },
)
console.log('Result:', textResult.text)
console.log('Timings:', textResult.timings)

The binding's design inspired by server.cpp example in llama.cpp:

• /completion and /chat/completions: context.completion(params, partialCompletionCallback)
• /tokenize: context.tokenize(content)
• /detokenize: context.detokenize(tokens)
• /embedding: context.embedding(content)
• /rerank: context.rerank(query, documents, params)
• ... Other methods

Please visit the Documentation for more details.

You can also visit the example to see how to use it.

MTP Speculative Decoding

MTP speculative decoding can be enabled for GGUF models that contain MTP/NextN layers:

const context = await initLlama({
  model: modelPath,
  n_ctx: 4096,
  n_batch: 1024,
  n_ubatch: 512,
  n_gpu_layers: 99,
  flash_attn_type: 'auto',
  cache_type_k: 'q8_0',
  cache_type_v: 'q8_0',
  speculative: {
    type: 'draft-mtp',
    n_max: 3,
  },
})

const result = await context.completion({
  messages: [
    {
      role: 'user',
      content:
        'Write a concise TypeScript function that groups an array of objects by a key.',
    },
  ],
  chat_template_kwargs: {
    preserve_thinking: true,
  },
  n_predict: 128,
  temperature: 0.6,
  top_k: 20,
  top_p: 0.95,
  speculative: {
    type: 'draft-mtp',
    n_max: 3,
  },
})

console.log(result.text)
console.log(result.draft_tokens, result.draft_tokens_accepted)

Use speculative: false on a completion call to disable MTP for that request. For recurrent or hybrid models, enable MTP at initLlama time with a positive spec_draft_n_max or speculative.draft.n_max so llama.cpp can allocate rollback state. Current MTP support is text-only, including queued parallel completions.

Multimodal (Vision & Audio)

llama.rn supports multimodal capabilities including vision (images) and audio processing. This allows you to interact with models that can understand both text and media content.

Supported Media Formats

Images (Vision):

• JPEG, PNG, BMP, GIF, TGA, HDR, PIC, PNM
• Base64 encoded images (data URLs)
• Local file paths
• * Not supported HTTP URLs yet

Audio:

• WAV, MP3 formats
• Base64 encoded audio (data URLs)
• Local file paths
• * Not supported HTTP URLs yet

Setup

First, you need a multimodal model and its corresponding multimodal projector (mmproj) file, see how to obtain mmproj for more details.

Initialize Multimodal Support

import { initLlama } from 'llama.rn'

// First initialize the model context
const context = await initLlama({
  model: 'path/to/your/multimodal-model.gguf',
  n_ctx: 4096,
  n_gpu_layers: 99, // Recommended for multimodal models
  // Important: Disable context shifting for multimodal
  ctx_shift: false,
})

// Initialize multimodal support with mmproj file
const success = await context.initMultimodal({
  path: 'path/to/your/mmproj-model.gguf',
  use_gpu: true, // Recommended for better performance
})

// Check if multimodal is enabled
console.log('Multimodal enabled:', await context.isMultimodalEnabled())

if (success) {
  console.log('Multimodal support initialized!')

  // Check what modalities are supported
  const support = await context.getMultimodalSupport()
  console.log('Vision support:', support.vision)
  console.log('Audio support:', support.audio)
} else {
  console.log('Failed to initialize multimodal support')
}

// Release multimodal context
await context.releaseMultimodal()

Usage Examples

Vision (Image Processing)

const result = await context.completion({
  messages: [
    {
      role: 'user',
      content: [
        {
          type: 'text',
          text: 'What do you see in this image?',
        },
        {
          type: 'image_url',
          image_url: {
            url: 'file:///path/to/image.jpg',
            // or base64: 'data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEAYABgAAD...'
          },
        },
      ],
    },
  ],
  n_predict: 100,
  temperature: 0.1,
})

console.log('AI Response:', result.text)

Audio Processing

// Method 1: Using structured message content (Recommended)
const result = await context.completion({
  messages: [
    {
      role: 'user',
      content: [
        {
          type: 'text',
          text: 'Transcribe or describe this audio:',
        },
        {
          type: 'input_audio',
          input_audio: {
            data: 'data:audio/wav;base64,UklGRiQAAABXQVZFZm10...',
            // or url: 'file:///path/to/audio.wav',
            format: 'wav', // or 'mp3'
          },
        },
      ],
    },
  ],
  n_predict: 200,
})

console.log('Transcription:', result.text)

Tokenization with Media

// Tokenize text with media
const tokenizeResult = await context.tokenize(
  'Describe this image: <__media__>',
  {
    media_paths: ['file:///path/to/image.jpg']
  }
)

console.log('Tokens:', tokenizeResult.tokens)
console.log('Has media:', tokenizeResult.has_media)
console.log('Media positions:', tokenizeResult.chunk_pos_media)

Notes

• Context Shifting: Multimodal models require ctx_shift: false to maintain media token positioning
• Memory: Multimodal models require more memory; use adequate n_ctx and consider GPU offloading
• Media Markers: The system automatically handles <__media__> markers in prompts. When using structured message content, media items are automatically replaced with this marker
• Model Compatibility: Ensure your model supports the media type you're trying to process

Tool Calling

llama.rn has universal tool call support by using minja (as Jinja template parser) and chat.cpp in llama.cpp.

Example:

import { initLlama } from 'llama.rn'

const context = await initLlama({
  // ...params
})

const { text, tool_calls } = await context.completion({
  // ...params
  tool_choice: 'auto',
  tools: [
    {
      type: 'function',
      function: {
        name: 'ipython',
        description:
          'Runs code in an ipython interpreter and returns the result of the execution after 60 seconds.',
        parameters: {
          type: 'object',
          properties: {
            code: {
              type: 'string',
              description: 'The code to run in the ipython interpreter.',
            },
          },
          required: ['code'],
        },
      },
    },
  ],
  messages: [
    {
      role: 'system',
      content: 'You are a helpful assistant that can answer questions and help with tasks.',
    },
    {
      role: 'user',
      content: 'Test',
    },
  ],
})
console.log('Result:', text)
// If tool_calls is not empty, it means the model has called the tool
if (tool_calls) console.log('Tool Calls:', tool_calls)

You can check chat.cpp for models has native tool calling support, or it will fallback to GENERIC type tool call.

The generic tool call will be always JSON object as output, the output will be like {"response": "..."} when it not decided to use tool call.

Grammar Sampling

GBNF (GGML BNF) is a format for defining formal grammars to constrain model outputs in llama.cpp. For example, you can use it to force the model to generate valid JSON, or speak only in emojis.

You can see GBNF Guide for more details.

llama.rn provided a built-in function to convert JSON Schema to GBNF:

Example gbnf grammar:

root   ::= object
value  ::= object | array | string | number | ("true" | "false" | "null") ws

object ::=
  "{" ws (
            string ":" ws value
    ("," ws string ":" ws value)*
  )? "}" ws

array  ::=
  "[" ws (
            value
    ("," ws value)*
  )? "]" ws

string ::=
  "\"" (
    [^"\\\x7F\x00-\x1F] |
    "\\" (["\\bfnrt] | "u" [0-9a-fA-F]{4}) # escapes
  )* "\"" ws

number ::= ("-"? ([0-9] | [1-9] [0-9]{0,15})) ("." [0-9]+)? ([eE] [-+]? [0-9] [1-9]{0,15})? ws

# Optional space: by convention, applied in this grammar after literal chars when allowed
ws ::= | " " | "\n" [ \t]{0,20}

import { initLlama } from 'llama.rn'

const gbnf = '...'

const context = await initLlama({
  // ...params
  grammar: gbnf,
})

const { text } = await context.completion({
  // ...params
  messages: [
    {
      role: 'system',
      content: 'You are a helpful assistant that can answer questions and help with tasks.',
    },
    {
      role: 'user',
      content: 'Test',
    },
  ],
})
console.log('Result:', text)

Also, this is how json_schema works in response_format during completion, it converts the json_schema to gbnf grammar.

Parallel Decoding

llama.rn supports slot-based parallel request processing for concurrent completion requests, enabling multiple prompts to be processed simultaneously with automatic queue management. It is similar to the llama.cpp server.

Usage

import { initLlama } from 'llama.rn'

const context = await initLlama({
  model: modelPath,
  n_ctx: 8192,
  n_gpu_layers: 99,
  n_parallel: 4, // Max number of parallel slots supported
})

// Enable parallel mode with 4 slots
await context.parallel.enable({
  n_parallel: 4, // new_n_ctx (2048) = n_ctx / n_parallel
  n_batch: 512,
})

// Queue multiple completion requests
const request1 = await context.parallel.completion(
  {
    messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'What is AI?' }],
    n_predict: 100,
  },
  (requestId, data) => {
    console.log(`Request ${requestId}:`, data.token)
  }
)

const request2 = await context.parallel.completion(
  {
    messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Explain quantum computing' }],
    n_predict: 100,
  },
  (requestId, data) => {
    console.log(`Request ${requestId}:`, data.token)
  }
)

// Cancel a request if needed
await request1.stop()

// Wait for completion
const result = await request2.promise
console.log('Result:', result.text)

// Disable parallel mode when done
await context.parallel.disable()

API

context.parallel.enable(config?):

• config.n_parallel (number): Number of concurrent slots (default: 2)
• config.n_batch (number): Batch size for processing (default: 512)
• Returns: Promise<boolean>

context.parallel.disable():

• Disables parallel mode
• Returns: Promise<boolean>

context.parallel.configure(config):

• Reconfigures parallel mode (enables if not already enabled)
• config.n_parallel (number): Number of concurrent slots
• config.n_batch (number): Batch size for processing
• Returns: Promise<boolean>

context.parallel.completion(params, onToken?):

• params: Same completion parameters as completion()
• onToken: Optional callback (requestId, data) => void for token streaming
  • requestId: Unique request identifier
  • data: Token data with token, content, reasoning_content, tool_calls, accumulated_text
• Returns: Promise<{ requestId, promise, stop }>
  • requestId: Unique request identifier
  • promise: Resolves to NativeCompletionResult when complete
  • stop: Function to cancel this request

context.parallel.embedding(text, params?):

• text: Text content to get embedding for
• params: Optional embedding parameters
• Returns: Promise<{ requestId, promise }>
  • requestId: Unique request identifier
  • promise: Resolves to embedding result when complete

context.parallel.rerank(query, documents, params?):

• query: Query string for ranking
• documents: Array of document strings to rank
• params: Optional rerank parameters (e.g., normalize)
• Returns: Promise<{ requestId, promise }>
  • requestId: Unique request identifier
  • promise: Resolves to rerank results when complete

Notes

• Parallel mode uses slot-based architecture where each request occupies an available slot
• Slots share the same KV cache for efficient memory usage
• Request processing runs in a background loop that manages slot states automatically
• All standard completion parameters (temperature, top_k, etc.) work per-request
• The context must be initialized with sufficient n_parallel (default: 8) to support desired slot count
• State load/save are not fully supported on Android with OpenCL backend, but you can set kv_unified: true and flash_attn_type: 'off' context parameter to enable it.

Session (State)

The session file is a binary file that contains the state of the context, it can saves time of prompt processing.

const context = await initLlama({ ...params })

// After prompt processing or completion ...

// Save the session
await context.saveSession('<path to save session>')

// Load the session
await context.loadSession('<path to load session>')

Notes

• * Session is currently not supported save state from multimodal context, so it only stores the text chunk before the first media chunk.

Embedding

The embedding API is used to get the embedding of a text.

const context = await initLlama({
  ...params,
  embedding: true,
})

const { embedding } = await context.embedding('Hello, world!')

• You can use model like nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5-GGUF for better embedding quality.
• You can use DB like op-sqlite with sqlite-vec support to store and search embeddings.

Rerank

The rerank API is used to rank documents based on their relevance to a query. This is particularly useful for improving search results and implementing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems.

const context = await initLlama({
  ...params,
  embedding: true, // Required for reranking
  pooling_type: 'rank', // Use rank pooling for rerank models
})

// Rerank documents based on relevance to query
const results = await context.rerank(
  'What is artificial intelligence?', // query
  [
    'AI is a branch of computer science.',
    'The weather is nice today.',
    'Machine learning is a subset of AI.',
    'I like pizza.',
  ], // documents to rank
  {
    normalize: 1, // Optional: normalize scores (default: from model config)
  }
)

// Results are automatically sorted by score (highest first)
results.forEach((result, index) => {
  console.log(`Rank ${index + 1}:`, {
    score: result.score,
    document: result.document,
    originalIndex: result.index,
  })
})

Notes

• Model Requirements: Reranking requires models with RANK pooling type (e.g., reranker models)
• Embedding Enabled: The context must have embedding: true to use rerank functionality
• Automatic Sorting: Results are returned sorted by relevance score in descending order
• Document Access: Each result includes the original document text and its index in the input array
• Score Interpretation: Higher scores indicate higher relevance to the query

Recommended Models

• jinaai - jina-reranker-v2-base-multilingual-GGUF
• BAAI - bge-reranker-v2-m3-GGUF
• Other models with "rerank" or "reranker" in their name and GGUF format

Text-to-Speech (TTS)

[!WARNING] Experimental. The TTS / codec integration is not production-ready. The API surface may change without a major version bump, and several model families do not yet produce correct speech on all backends — see Tested models before picking one.

llama.rn runs on-device neural text-to-speech through codec.cpp as the audio-codec / vocoder backend. Load a TTS backbone as usual, attach its codec (vocoder) GGUF, then drive the synthesis flow the library detects for the model.

Supported models

The model family is auto-detected natively; getTTSCapabilities() reports it and getFormattedAudioCompletion() returns the right synthesis flow.

"Supported" means the family is detected and wired end-to-end. It does not mean every family is verified on every backend — see Tested models.

There are two synthesis flows:

• tokens — the standard completion loop drives the model (including the codec-LM AR step machine for CSM / Qwen3-TTS / MOSS / Chatterbox) and appends audio codes to result.audio_tokens; decode them with decodeAudioTokens().
• continuous_embd — continuous-latent models (BlueMagpie-TTS); the loop collects result.embeddings (+ embedding_dim), decoded with decodeAudioEmbeddings().

Codec-LM AR and continuous-latent models must be initialized with embedding: true.

Usage

import { initLlama } from 'llama.rn'

const ctx = await initLlama({
  model: backbonePath,
  n_gpu_layers: 99,
  embedding: true, // required for codec-LM AR / continuous models
})

// Attach the codec / vocoder GGUF
await ctx.initVocoder({ path: codecGgufPath, n_batch: 4096 }) // + optional use_gpu

const caps = await ctx.getTTSCapabilities()
// { type, family, promptKind, requiresPhonemes, defaultLanguage }

// Build the model-specific prompt + resolve the flow
const { prompt, grammar, embedding, flow } = await ctx.getFormattedAudioCompletion({
  prompt: 'Hello world',
  speaker: 'default', // built-in voice name, a LlamaSpeaker (voice clone), or omit for the family default
  // supply a phonemizer only for models that need it (caps.requiresPhonemes)
  phonemizer: caps.requiresPhonemes ? (text, lang) => toIPA(text, { language: lang }) : undefined,
})

// Drive the completion loop, then decode to PCM float samples
const result = await ctx.completion({ prompt, grammar, embedding, temperature: 0.7, top_p: 0.9 })
const sampleRate = await ctx.getAudioSampleRate()

const pcm = flow === 'continuous_embd'
  ? new Float32Array(await ctx.decodeAudioEmbeddings(result.embeddings, result.embedding_dim))
  : new Float32Array(await ctx.decodeAudioTokens(result.audio_tokens ?? []))

await ctx.releaseVocoder() // free the codec graphs when done

Voice cloning

Create a native speaker handle from a reference clip and pass it as speaker. The reference is encoded lazily on first use (or eagerly via spk.bake()); the embedding lives natively (no per-call copy, no JSON marshaling) and is injected at the model's speaker position automatically:

const spk = await ctx.createSpeaker({
  refAudio,                 // Float32Array (mono reference audio)
  refAudioSampleRate: 24000,
  refText: 'reference transcript',
})
const { prompt, embedding, flow } = await ctx.getFormattedAudioCompletion({ prompt: 'Hello world', speaker: spk })
// ...drive the flow as above — the speaker is armed automatically...
await spk.release()         // free the native speaker when done

Tested models

Every family in the catalog was run end-to-end (load → synthesize → decode) on an Apple M1 Max (Metal and CPU) and a Galaxy S25 Ultra / Snapdragon 8 Elite (Hexagon HTP and CPU), then the generated audio was transcribed with Whisper large-v3-turbo to check it actually says the requested text.

Legend: ✅ pass · ⚠️ works but output is unreliable · ❌ fails · — not runnable on that backend.

Caveats:

• The last column is a Whisper content check, not an audio-quality (MOSS/MOS) score. Short clips can produce false negatives, so treat ⚠️ as "needs a manual listen", not as a confirmed bug.
• A ✅ in a backend column only means the pipeline produced structurally valid, finite audio — read it together with the last column.
• MOSS-TTS-Realtime needs more RAM than a 12 GB Android device can give it; Android's low-memory killer terminates the app during load on both HTP and CPU.
• On Apple Silicon, CPU-only inference (n_gpu_layers: 0) additionally hits a SIGILL in the q4_K repack kernel inside the iOS runtime, so the Metal path is the only supported one there for now.
• One-pass functional runs from Debug builds, not a statistically sampled benchmark.

Notes

• isVocoderEnabled() reports whether a codec is attached; releaseVocoder() frees the codec graphs when you're done.
• The example app's Text-to-Speech screen wires each family end-to-end (download → init → synthesize → play).
• This is audio output. Audio input (understanding) is a separate feature — see Multimodal (Vision & Audio).

Mock llama.rn

We have provided a mock version of llama.rn for testing purpose you can use on Jest:

jest.mock('llama.rn', () => require('llama.rn/jest/mock'))

NOTE

iOS:

• The Extended Virtual Addressing and Increased Memory Limit capabilities are recommended to enable on iOS project.
• Metal:
  • We have tested to know some devices is not able to use Metal (GPU) due to llama.cpp used SIMD-scoped operation, you can check if your device is supported in Metal feature set tables, Apple7 GPU will be the minimum requirement.
  • It's also not supported in iOS simulator due to this limitation, we used constant buffers more than 14.

Android:

• Currently only supported arm64-v8a / x86_64 platform, this means you can't initialize a context on another platforms. The 64-bit platform are recommended because it can allocate more memory for the model.
• The OpenCL backend is supported, but currently it limited to Qualcomm Adreno GPU and Q4_0 / Q6_K data types. Please check OpenCL backend for more details.

Contributing

See the contributing guide to learn how to contribute to the repository and the development workflow.

Apps using llama.rn

• BRICKS: Our product for building interactive signage in simple way. We provide LLM functions as Generator LLM/Assistant.
• ChatterUI: Simple frontend for LLMs built in react-native.
• PocketPal AI: An app that brings language models directly to your phone.
• InferrLM: On-device AI for iOS & Android.
• Airgap: Open-source React Native framework for shipping on-device, offline-first customer support chatbots. Runs Gemma 4 E2B locally via llama.rn. Seven industry templates ship in the repo (telco, retail, healthcare, banking, education, insurance, airlines).

Node.js binding

• llama.node: An another Node.js binding of llama.cpp but made API same as llama.rn.

License

MIT

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Made with create-react-native-library

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Built and maintained by BRICKS.