LLM-and-Law

This repository tracks papers and resources about large language models (LLMs) in the legal domain.

Daily update 2026-09-18 (cs.CL): scanned 104 papers (date=2026-09-18), 2 new papers met the strict "legal task + LLM semantics" inclusion rule.

Category increments today — Applications +2, Legal Reasoning Models +0, Legal Agent +0, Legal Problems +2, Data Resources +2, Law LLMs +0, Evaluation +2.

Contents

• Applications of Large Language Models in Legal Tasks
• Legal Reasoning Models
• Legal Agent
• Legal Problems of Large Language Models
• Data Resources for Large Language Models in Law
• Law LLMs
• Evaluation

Applications of Large Language Models in Legal Tasks

• Benchmarking LLM Compliance with China AI Generated Content Regulations paper

• Before the Arrest: Benchmarking LLMs on Criminal Profiling from Incomplete Evidence paper

• How Much is a Human Right Worth? ECtHR-NPD: A Benchmark for Predicting Non-Pecuniary Damage Awards paper

• Linguistic Triggers of Gender and Racial Bias in Open-Weight LLMs Applied to Recruitment paper

• Nepali Legal Expertise through Generative and Extractive Pre-trained Transformers (NepLEGiT) paper

• NepKANUN: A RAG-Based Nepali Legal Assistant paper

• Few-Shot Degradation Is Not What It Seems: Behavioral Evidence, Representation Analysis, and a Random-Text Control Across 12 Models, 2 Tasks, and 2 Architectures paper

• CiteGuard-RAG: A Validation-Centered AI System for Evidence-Grounded Question Answering paper

• Semiotic Relations and Proof Methods: A Cross-Genre Study of Argument Structure with Large Language Models paper

• Building Legal Reward Models for Grounding and Abstention paper

• Algorithm Validation as a Policy Audit: Evidence from Race-blind Charging paper

• Tasks over Application Manuals: Revealing Gaps in Long-Horizon Procedural Reasoning for Language Models paper

• ProMediConv: Benchmarking Proactive Conversational Agents in Legal Dispute Mediation paper

• BodyCam-VQA: Enhanced Body-Worn Camera Video Captioning via Multimodal Reasoning and Probe Question Generation paper

• GANDR: Claim Auditing for Verifiable Legal Answer Generation paper

• When Does Defendant Statement Matter? A Study of Bias and Persuasion in LLM-Simulated Jurors paper

• MUCnoHARM@GermEval Shared Task 2026: Retrieval-based In-Context Learning for Defamatory Offences, and Where It Falls Short paper

• Reading a Legal Question Word by Word: Embedding Trajectories of 2,144 Vietnamese Legal Headlines paper

• Solving versus Verifying: Catching Contradictions in Tax Reasoning Systems paper

• LexFlip: A Dissociation Diagnostic for Legal Meaning Preservation Metrics paper

• KhatianDoc: A Human-Verified Benchmark Diagnosing Multimodal LLM Failure on Bengali Legal Land Records paper

• LexIssue: Benchmarking Legal Issue Identification in Chinese Civil Litigation paper

• OBJECTION! Lawyer Agents Mitigate Guilty Bias in Legal Judgment Prediction paper

• Privacy Washing: Detecting Internal Contradictions in Privacy Policies paper

• Polish ModernBERT: The Long and Short of Polish Language Understanding paper

• Annotated Surrogate Retrieval for Polish Statutory Law paper

• Do Small Models Use the Law You Give Them? Measuring Context Use on a Bilingual Bangladesh Legal Benchmark paper

• Improving Argument Saliency Coverage in Small LLMs for Long Legal Opinion Summarization via Sequence-Level Distillation paper

• JPO: Juris Policy Optimization for Structured Legal Reasoning in Criminal Judgment Prediction paper

• Cloud and On-Premises Deployment of Uzbek Legal RAG via Targeted Retriever Fine-Tuning paper

• Cross Lingual Transfer in Tulu Legal Comprehension: Script-Dependent Improvement and RAG-Induced Knowledge Conflict paper

• RegDivergence-101: An LLM Benchmark for Cross-Jurisdiction Regulatory Contradiction Detection in Life Sciences paper

• GreenLeaf Law Embed Tiny: A Compact Embedding Model for Legal Domain Retrieval paper

• Figurative Justice: Detecting metaphors in Hindi judgements with qualitative assessment and transformers paper

• Modeling Claim Dependency Structure for Patent Litigation Prediction with Graph Attention Networks paper

• Sycophants in the Courtroom: Are LLMs Fragile to Juridical Authority and Evolving Legal Standards? paper

• Generative Gap Filling paper

• Benchmarking Patent Drafting from Inventor-Style Disclosures paper

• Ansari: A Retrieval-Grounded Islamic AI Assistant -- Architecture, Deployment, and Lessons from 140,000 Conversations paper

• ContractScrub: A benchmark for final review of legal contracts paper

• When Machines Speak: A Unified Generative Framework for Integrating Machine-Native Symbols into Pretrained Large Language Models paper

• ChildSafeAds Shared Task 2026: Commercial Content in Child-Facing YouTube Videos paper

• GreekBarRetrieval: A Benchmark for Greek Statutory Retrieval paper

• Redakto - The Incognito Tab for LLMs paper

• CoAL-RAG: A Complexity-Aware Legal Retrieval-Augmented Generation Method paper

• Can LLMs Reason in a Legally Meaningful Manner? A Small-scale Study on European Court of Human Rights Cases paper

• Calibrated Trust, Not Sharper Prediction: An Empirical Test of Uncertainty Fusion paper

• Time as Structure: Temporal Dependency Graphs for Verifiable Deadline Computation over Legal Documents paper

• How Much Do Legal RAG Systems Still Hallucinate? paper

• On Measuring Semantic Preservation in Legal Ontology Learning paper

• Why Do AI Agents Break Rules? How Framing, Context, and Social Signals Shape Compliance paper

• Self-Knowledge Retrieval Augmented Generation Framework for Patent Matching paper

• Evaluating Rational Contracting in Natural Language paper

• Temporal Misgrounding in Legal RAG: A Versioned-Corpus Benchmark for French Tax Law paper

• PolicyKG: An Agentic LLM Pipeline for Translating Institutional Policies into SHACL Knowledge Graphs paper

• ANNOTARES: A Dataset for Extracting Logical Structures from German Statutory Texts paper

• CrossLex: A Source-Grounded Benchmark for Cross-Jurisdictional Legal Reasoning in Large Language Models paper

• Semantics of Subterfuge: Benchmarking Legal Deception Detection Against General-domain State-of-the-Art paper

• Credit Cards, Confusion, Computation, and Consequences: What Can We Uncover About Language Model Reasoning? paper

• From Naive RAG to Deep Agentic Retrieval: An Evolving Context Engineering Pipeline for Regulatory Compliance paper

• Legal Prompt Engineering for Multilingual Legal Judgement Prediction

• Can GPT-3 Perform Statutory Reasoning?

• Legal Prompting: Teaching a Language Model to Think Like a Lawyer

• Large Language Models as Fiduciaries: A Case Study Toward Robustly Communicating With Artificial Intelligence Through Legal Standards

• ChatGPT Goes to Law School

• ChatGPT, Professor of Law

• ChatGPT & Generative AI Systems as Quasi-Expert Legal Advice Lawyers - Case Study Considering Potential Appeal Against Conviction of Tom Hayes

• ‘Words Are Flowing Out Like Endless Rain Into a Paper Cup’: ChatGPT & Law School Assessments

• ChatGPT by OpenAI: The End of Litigation Lawyers?

• Law Informs Code: A Legal Informatics Approach to Aligning Artificial Intelligence with Humans

• ChatGPT may Pass the Bar Exam soon, but has a Long Way to Go for the LexGLUE benchmark paper

• How Ready are Pre-trained Abstractive Models and LLMs for Legal Case Judgement Summarization? paper

• Explaining Legal Concepts with Augmented Large Language Models (GPT-4) paper

• Garbage in, garbage out: Zero-shot detection of crime using Large Language Models paper

• Legal Summarisation through LLMs: The PRODIGIT Project paper

• Black-Box Analysis: GPTs Across Time in Legal Textual Entailment Task paper

• PolicyGPT: Automated Analysis of Privacy Policies with Large Language Models

• Reformulating Domain Adaptation of Large Language Models as Adapt-Retrieve-Revise paper

• Precedent-Enhanced Legal Judgment Prediction with LLM and Domain-Model Collaboration paper

• From Text to Structure: Using Large Language Models to Support the Development of Legal Expert Systems paper

• Boosting legal case retrieval by query content selection with large language models paper

• LLMediator: GPT-4 Assisted Online Dispute Resolution paper

• Employing Label Models on ChatGPT Answers Improves Legal Text Entailment Performance paper

• LLaMandement: Large Language Models for Summarization of French Legislative Proposals paper

• Logic Rules as Explanations for Legal Case Retrieval paper Our new paper, welcome to pay attention !!!

• Enhancing Legal Document Retrieval: A Multi-Phase Approach with Large Language Models paper

• BLADE: Enhancing Black-box Large Language Models with Small Domain-Specific Models paper

• A Survey on Large Language Models for Critical Societal Domains: Finance, Healthcare, and Law paper

• Archimedes-AUEB at SemEval-2024 Task 5: LLM explains Civil Procedure paper

• More Than Catastrophic Forgetting: Integrating General Capabilities For Domain-Specific LLMs paper

• Legal Documents Drafting with Fine-Tuned Pre-Trained Large Language Model paper

• Knowledge-Infused Legal Wisdom: Navigating LLM Consultation through the Lens of Diagnostics and Positive-Unlabeled Reinforcement Learning paper

• GOLDCOIN: Grounding Large Language Models in Privacy Laws via Contextual Integrity Theory paper

• Enabling Discriminative Reasoning in Large Language Models for Legal Judgment Prediction paper

• Large Language Models for Judicial Entity Extraction: A Comparative Study paper

• Applicability of Large Language Models and Generative Models for Legal Case Judgement Summarization paper

• LawLLM: Law Large Language Model for the US Legal System paper

• Legal syllogism prompting: Teaching large language models for legal judgment prediction paper

• Optimizing Numerical Estimation and Operational Efficiency in the Legal Domain through Large Language Models paper

• Hallucination-Free? Assessing the Reliability of Leading AI Legal Research Tools paper

• KRAG Framework for Enhancing LLMs in the Legal Domain paper

• Legal Evaluations and Challenges of Large Language Models paper

• Analyzing Images of Legal Documents: Toward Multi-Modal LLMs for Access to Justice paper

• Automating Legal Concept Interpretation with LLMs: Retrieval, Generation, and Evaluation paper

• Domaino1s: Guiding LLM Reasoning for Explainable Answers in High-Stakes Domains paper

• RELexED: Retrieval-Enhanced Legal Summarization with Exemplar Diversity paper

• Courtroom-LLM: A Legal-Inspired Multi-LLM Framework for Resolving Ambiguous Text Classifications paper

• LegalViz: Legal Text Visualization by Text To Diagram Generation paper

• Investigating the Shortcomings of LLMs in Step-by-Step Legal Reasoning paper

• Elevating Legal LLM Responses: Harnessing Trainable Logical Structures and Semantic Knowledge with Legal Reasoning paper

• JuDGE: Benchmarking Judgment Document Generation for Chinese Legal System paper

• LARGE: Legal Retrieval Augmented Generation Evaluation Tool paper

• Tasks and Roles in Legal AI: Data Curation, Annotation, and Verification paper

• The Hidden Structure -- Improving Legal Document Understanding Through Explicit Text Formatting paper

• Conditioning Large Language Models on Legal Systems? Detecting Punishable Hate Speech paper

• CORE-KG: An LLM-Driven Knowledge Graph Construction Framework for Human Smuggling Networks paper

• LLM-based Embedders for Prior Case Retrieval paper

• Towards Automated Regulatory Compliance Verification in Financial Auditing with Large Language Models paper

• Using Large Language Models for Legal Decision-Making in Austrian Value-Added Tax Law: An Experimental Study paper

• ASVRI-Legal: Fine-Tuning LLMs with Retrieval Augmented Generation for Enhanced Legal Regulation paper

• LLMs in Interpreting Legal Documents paper

• HalluGraph: Auditable Hallucination Detection for Legal RAG Systems via Knowledge Graph Alignment paper

• Evaluating Legal Reasoning Traces with Legal Issue Tree Rubrics paper

• Jurisdiction as Structural Barrier: How Privacy Policy Organization May Reduce Visibility of Substantive Disclosures paper

• Enforcing Monotonic Progress in Legal Cross-Examination: Preventing Long-Horizon Stagnation in LLM-Based Inquiry paper

• Anchored Decoding: Provably Reducing Copyright Risk for Any Language Model paper

• Synthesizing the Virtual Advocate: A Multi-Persona Speech Generation Framework for Diverse Linguistic Jurisdictions in Indic Languages paper

• AI-Assisted Moot Courts: Simulating Justice-Specific Questioning in Oral Arguments paper

• LLM-Assisted Causal Structure Disambiguation and Factor Extraction for Legal Judgment Prediction paper

• De Jure: Iterative LLM Self-Refinement for Structured Extraction of Regulatory Rules paper

• ContextLens: Modeling Imperfect Privacy and Safety Context for Legal Compliance paper

• Eskwai for Students: Generative AI Assistant for Legal Education in Ghana paper

• Learning Faster with Better Tokens: Parameter-Efficient Vocabulary Adaptation for Specialized Text Summarization paper

• Exploring Lightweight Large Language Models for Court View Generation paper

• Retrieval-Based Multi-Label Legal Annotation: Extensible, Data-Efficient and Hallucination-Free paper

• Chunking German Legal Code paper

• Generating Legal Commentaries from Case Databases via Retrieval, Clustering, and Generation paper

• Decompose-and-Refine: Structured Legal Question Answering with Parametric Retrieval paper

• Retrieval-Augmented Detection of Potentially Abusive Clauses in Chilean Terms of Service paper

• Traceable by Design: An LLM Pipeline and Dashboard for EU Regulatory Consultation Analysis paper

• ImmigrationQA: A Source-Grounded Dataset and Small-Model Adaptation for U.S. Immigration Law paper

• Citation Grounding: Detecting and Reducing LLM Citation Hallucinations via Legal Citation Graphs paper

• Enhancing BiGRU with a KAN Block for Legal Document Classification and Summarization paper

• On Wednesdays, We Ask Questions: Optimizing "Active Listening" in Automated Legal Triage and Referral paper

• Re-Ranking Through an Attribution Lens for Citation Quality in Legal QA paper

• EURO-5K: When Does Domain Pretraining Matter? Benchmarking Transformers for EU Reporting Obligation Extraction paper

• DAR: Deontic Reasoning with Agentic Harnesses paper

• GARL: Game-Theoretic Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Agent Strategic Prioritisation paper

• Civil Court Simulation with Large Language Models paper

• LexRubric: A Rubric-Guided Diagnostic Benchmark for Open-Ended Legal Tasks paper

• From Statute to Control Flow: Span-Grounded Deontic Trees for Defeasible Scope Parsing paper

• Retrieval Augmented Generation Framework for the Nepali Legal Domain Question Answering paper

• FineREX: Fine-Tuned NER-RE for Human Smuggling Knowledge Graphs paper

• Reinforcement learning to improve large language model-based automated code compliance systems paper

• Measuring & Mitigating Over-Alignment for LLMs in Multilingual Criminal Law Courts paper

• Peeking Inside LLMs: Leveraging Internal Artifacts of LLMs for Enhancing Reliability in Legal Classification paper

• A Tree-of-Thoughts Inspired Hybrid Approach for Legal Case Judgement Summarization using LLMs paper

• PRecG: Legal Precedent Retrieval with Graph Neural Networks and Rhetorical Role Segmentation paper

• Cross-Architecture LLM Ensembles, Feature-Based Reranking and Retrieval-Augmented Prompting for Legal Information Processing paper

• When Reasoning Hurts Legal Drafting: The Verbalization Bottleneck in Patent Claim Generation paper

• The Price of Reasoning: Cost-Quality Tradeoffs in Reinforcement Learning for Neural Machine Translation paper

• Reasoning Before Translation: Enhancing Legal Machine Translation with Structured Reasoning paper

• AILQA: Evaluating AI-Driven Legal Question Answering Systems for the Indian Legal System paper

• Enabling Multilingual Privacy Policy Audits: Large-Scale Analysis of Spanish Mobile Apps paper

• From Obligation to Specification: A Survey on Validating EU AI Act Requirements in RE paper

• Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models as Components of Cognitive Computing architecture for Regulatory Knowledge Management paper

• Do Small Models Use the Law You Give Them? Context-Injected Fine-Tuning for Legal QA in Bangladesh paper

Legal Reasoning Models

• Semiotic Relations and Proof Methods: A Cross-Genre Study of Argument Structure with Large Language Models paper
• Building Legal Reward Models for Grounding and Abstention paper
• GANDR: Claim Auditing for Verifiable Legal Answer Generation paper
• Solving versus Verifying: Catching Contradictions in Tax Reasoning Systems paper
• LexIssue: Benchmarking Legal Issue Identification in Chinese Civil Litigation paper
• OBJECTION! Lawyer Agents Mitigate Guilty Bias in Legal Judgment Prediction paper
• Do Small Models Use the Law You Give Them? Measuring Context Use on a Bilingual Bangladesh Legal Benchmark paper
• JPO: Juris Policy Optimization for Structured Legal Reasoning in Criminal Judgment Prediction paper
• Modeling Claim Dependency Structure for Patent Litigation Prediction with Graph Attention Networks paper
• CoAL-RAG: A Complexity-Aware Legal Retrieval-Augmented Generation Method paper
• Can LLMs Reason in a Legally Meaningful Manner? A Small-scale Study on European Court of Human Rights Cases paper
• Time as Structure: Temporal Dependency Graphs for Verifiable Deadline Computation over Legal Documents paper
• LexPro-1.0 Technical Report paper
• LexPam: Legal Procedure Awareness-Guided Mathematical Reasoning paper
• Mining Hidden Thoughts from Texts: Evaluating Continual Pretraining with Synthetic Data for LLM Reasoning paper
• SyLeR: A Framework for Explicit Syllogistic Legal Reasoning in Large Language Models paper
• Contractual Deepfakes: Can Large Language Models Generate Contracts? paper
• LePREC: Reasoning as Classification over Structured Factors for Assessing Relevance of Legal Issues paper
• Falkor-IRAC: Graph-Constrained Generation for Verified Legal Reasoning in Indian Judicial AI paper
• Bridging Legal Interpretation and Formal Logic: Faithfulness, Assumption, and the Future of AI Legal Reasoning paper
• TypedCSIP: Typed Counterfactual Pretraining for Chinese Legislative Conflict Classification paper
• By Their Fruits You Will Know Them: Comparing Formalizations of Law by the Decisions They Encode paper
• Scaling Multi-Hop Training Data via Graph-Constrained Path Selection paper
• DAR: Deontic Reasoning with Agentic Harnesses paper
• Civil Court Simulation with Large Language Models paper
• From Statute to Control Flow: Span-Grounded Deontic Trees for Defeasible Scope Parsing paper
• Generative Chinese Statute Retrieval paper
• Do Small Models Use the Law You Give Them? Context-Injected Fine-Tuning for Legal QA in Bangladesh paper
• Reasoning Consensus: Structural Ensembling of LLM Reasoning via Weighted DAG Aggregation paper

Legal Agent

• NepKANUN: A RAG-Based Nepali Legal Assistant paper
• ProMediConv: Benchmarking Proactive Conversational Agents in Legal Dispute Mediation paper
• GANDR: Claim Auditing for Verifiable Legal Answer Generation paper
• OBJECTION! Lawyer Agents Mitigate Guilty Bias in Legal Judgment Prediction paper
• Cloud and On-Premises Deployment of Uzbek Legal RAG via Targeted Retriever Fine-Tuning paper
• Benchmarking Patent Drafting from Inventor-Style Disclosures paper
• Ansari: A Retrieval-Grounded Islamic AI Assistant -- Architecture, Deployment, and Lessons from 140,000 Conversations paper
• Why Do AI Agents Break Rules? How Framing, Context, and Social Signals Shape Compliance paper
• Evaluating Rational Contracting in Natural Language paper
• PolicyKG: An Agentic LLM Pipeline for Translating Institutional Policies into SHACL Knowledge Graphs paper
• From Naive RAG to Deep Agentic Retrieval: An Evolving Context Engineering Pipeline for Regulatory Compliance paper
• When Correct Isn't Usable: Improving Structured Output Reliability in Small Language Models paper
• Accurate Legal Reasoning at Scale: Neuro-Symbolic Offloading and Structural Auditability for Robust Legal Adjudication paper
• SimuCourt: Building Judicial Decision-Making Agents with Real-world Judgement Documents paper
• Can Large Language Models Grasp Legal Theories? Enhance Legal Reasoning with Insights from Multi-Agent Collaboration paper
• Multi-Agent Simulator Drives Language Models for Legal Intensive Interaction paper
• CLAIM: An Intent-Driven Multi-Agent Framework for Analyzing Manipulation in Courtroom Dialogues paper
• PAKTON: A Multi-Agent Framework for Question Answering in Long Legal Agreements paper
• LLM Agents in Law: Taxonomy, Applications, and Challenges paper
• Dissecting Judicial Reasoning in U.S. Copyright Damage Awards paper
• Multimodal Multi-Agent Empowered Legal Judgment Prediction paper
• LegalMALR:Multi-Agent Query Understanding and LLM-Based Reranking for Chinese Statute Retrieval paper
• LegalOne: A Family of Foundation Models for Reliable Legal Reasoning paper
• Domain-Partitioned Hybrid RAG for Legal Reasoning: Toward Modular and Explainable Legal AI for India paper
• LexChronos: An Agentic Framework for Structured Event Timeline Extraction in Indian Jurisprudence paper
• Fanar-Sadiq: A Multi-Agent Architecture for Grounded Islamic QA paper
• Dual Hierarchical Dialogue Policy Learning for Legal Inquisitive Conversational Agents paper
• Can LLMs Time Travel? Enhancing Temporal Consistency in Legal Agentic Search through Reinforcement Learning paper
• SIA: Self Improving AI with Harness & Weight Updates paper
• LegalGraphRAG: Multi-Agent Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Reliable Legal Reasoning paper
• DAR: Deontic Reasoning with Agentic Harnesses paper
• GARL: Game-Theoretic Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Agent Strategic Prioritisation paper
• Civil Court Simulation with Large Language Models paper
• From Statute to Control Flow: Span-Grounded Deontic Trees for Defeasible Scope Parsing paper
• DeXposure-Claw: An Agentic System for DeFi Risk Supervision paper
• Agentic Evaluation of Copyright Law Compliance paper
• From Obligation to Specification: A Survey on Validating EU AI Act Requirements in RE paper

Legal Problems of Large Language Models

• Benchmarking LLM Compliance with China AI Generated Content Regulations paper

• Before the Arrest: Benchmarking LLMs on Criminal Profiling from Incomplete Evidence paper

• Linguistic Triggers of Gender and Racial Bias in Open-Weight LLMs Applied to Recruitment paper

• Legal LLM Hallucination Should Be Evaluated as Failure of Legal Warrant paper

• Few-Shot Degradation Is Not What It Seems: Behavioral Evidence, Representation Analysis, and a Random-Text Control Across 12 Models, 2 Tasks, and 2 Architectures paper

• CiteGuard-RAG: A Validation-Centered AI System for Evidence-Grounded Question Answering paper

• Building Legal Reward Models for Grounding and Abstention paper

• Algorithm Validation as a Policy Audit: Evidence from Race-blind Charging paper

• Tasks over Application Manuals: Revealing Gaps in Long-Horizon Procedural Reasoning for Language Models paper

• BodyCam-VQA: Enhanced Body-Worn Camera Video Captioning via Multimodal Reasoning and Probe Question Generation paper

• GANDR: Claim Auditing for Verifiable Legal Answer Generation paper

• When Does Defendant Statement Matter? A Study of Bias and Persuasion in LLM-Simulated Jurors paper

• MUCnoHARM@GermEval Shared Task 2026: Retrieval-based In-Context Learning for Defamatory Offences, and Where It Falls Short paper

• Reading a Legal Question Word by Word: Embedding Trajectories of 2,144 Vietnamese Legal Headlines paper

• FramingQA: Does the Question Shape the Answer? Measuring the Compositional Framing Effect paper

• Solving versus Verifying: Catching Contradictions in Tax Reasoning Systems paper

• LexFlip: A Dissociation Diagnostic for Legal Meaning Preservation Metrics paper

• Rent-a-RAG: Embedding-Space Watermarks for Auditing Third-Party RAG paper

• OBJECTION! Lawyer Agents Mitigate Guilty Bias in Legal Judgment Prediction paper

• Cross Lingual Transfer in Tulu Legal Comprehension: Script-Dependent Improvement and RAG-Induced Knowledge Conflict paper

• Sycophants in the Courtroom: Are LLMs Fragile to Juridical Authority and Evolving Legal Standards? paper

• ContractScrub: A benchmark for final review of legal contracts paper

• Redakto - The Incognito Tab for LLMs paper

• Can LLMs Reason in a Legally Meaningful Manner? A Small-scale Study on European Court of Human Rights Cases paper

• Calibrated Trust, Not Sharper Prediction: An Empirical Test of Uncertainty Fusion paper

• Gated Against One Model, Open to the Next: Option-Only Solvability in Legal Multiple-Choice Benchmarks paper

• How Much Do Legal RAG Systems Still Hallucinate? paper

• Why Do AI Agents Break Rules? How Framing, Context, and Social Signals Shape Compliance paper

• Is this Citation on Point? paper

• SoK: From Generation to Consumption of Privacy Documents in Software Systems paper

• Evaluating Rational Contracting in Natural Language paper

• Temporal Misgrounding in Legal RAG: A Versioned-Corpus Benchmark for French Tax Law paper

• LexKairos: Benchmarking Legal Temporal Capabilities in LLMs paper

• Knowing the Form, Not the Function: Automatically Auditing Answer--Authority Decoupling in Legal Benchmarks paper

• CrossLex: A Source-Grounded Benchmark for Cross-Jurisdictional Legal Reasoning in Large Language Models paper

• Semantics of Subterfuge: Benchmarking Legal Deception Detection Against General-domain State-of-the-Art paper

• Towards WinoQueer: Developing a Benchmark for Anti-Queer Bias in Large Language Models

• Persistent Anti-Muslim Bias in Large Language Models

• Understanding the Capabilities, Limitations, and Societal Impact of Large Language Models

• The Dark Side of ChatGPT: Legal and Ethical Challenges from Stochastic Parrots and Hallucination

• The GPTJudge: Justice in a Generative AI World paper

• Is the U.S. Legal System Ready for AI's Challenges to Human Values? paper

• Questioning Biases in Case Judgment Summaries: Legal Datasets or Large Language Models? paper

• Large Legal Fictions: Profiling Legal Hallucinations in Large Language Models

• A Legal Framework for Natural Language Processing Model Training in Portugal paper

• LegalBench-RAG: A Benchmark for Retrieval-Augmented Generation in the Legal Domain paper

• Bias in Large Language Models: Origin, Evaluation, and Mitigation paper

• An Information Theoretic Approach to Operationalize Right to Data Protection paper

• Protecting Privacy in Multimodal Large Language Models with MLLMU-Bench paper

• Standardizing Intelligence: Aligning Generative AI for Regulatory and Operational Compliance paper

• TRIDENT: Benchmarking LLM Safety in Finance, Medicine, and Law paper

• Large Language Models as Search Engines: Societal Challenges paper

• From Unfamiliar to Familiar: Detecting Pre-training Data via Gradient Deviations in Large Language Models paper

• TimeMark: A Trustworthy Time Watermarking Framework for Exact Generation-Time Recovery from AIGC paper

• To See is Not to Learn: Protecting Multimodal Data from Unauthorized Fine-Tuning of Large Vision-Language Model paper

• Divergence Decoding: Inference-Time Unlearning via Auxiliary Models paper

• Citation Grounding: Detecting and Reducing LLM Citation Hallucinations via Legal Citation Graphs paper

• Which Institutional Frameworks Do Chatbots Assume? Auditing Jurisdictional Defaults in Multilingual LLMs paper

• Measuring & Mitigating Over-Alignment for LLMs in Multilingual Criminal Law Courts paper

• Who Checks the Citations? Benchmarking Legal Hallucination Detection paper

• Peeking Inside LLMs: Leveraging Internal Artifacts of LLMs for Enhancing Reliability in Legal Classification paper

• Position: The Term "Machine Unlearning" Is Overused in LLMs paper

• Open but Incompatible: A License Compatibility Analysis of Corpora for Low-Resource African Languages paper

• Probing Stylistic Appropriation using Large Language Models: An Evaluation Framework for Copyright Infringement under EU Law paper

• The Perplexity Trap: When Patent Law Makes Human Writing Look Like AI paper

• Agentic Evaluation of Copyright Law Compliance paper

Data Resources for Large Language Models in Law

• Benchmarking LLM Compliance with China AI Generated Content Regulations paper
• Before the Arrest: Benchmarking LLMs on Criminal Profiling from Incomplete Evidence paper
• How Much is a Human Right Worth? ECtHR-NPD: A Benchmark for Predicting Non-Pecuniary Damage Awards paper
• Nepali Legal Expertise through Generative and Extractive Pre-trained Transformers (NepLEGiT) paper
• NepKANUN: A RAG-Based Nepali Legal Assistant paper
• Building Legal Reward Models for Grounding and Abstention paper
• Tasks over Application Manuals: Revealing Gaps in Long-Horizon Procedural Reasoning for Language Models paper
• ProMediConv: Benchmarking Proactive Conversational Agents in Legal Dispute Mediation paper
• When Does Defendant Statement Matter? A Study of Bias and Persuasion in LLM-Simulated Jurors paper
• FramingQA: Does the Question Shape the Answer? Measuring the Compositional Framing Effect paper
• LexFlip: A Dissociation Diagnostic for Legal Meaning Preservation Metrics paper
• KhatianDoc: A Human-Verified Benchmark Diagnosing Multimodal LLM Failure on Bengali Legal Land Records paper
• LexIssue: Benchmarking Legal Issue Identification in Chinese Civil Litigation paper
• OBJECTION! Lawyer Agents Mitigate Guilty Bias in Legal Judgment Prediction paper
• Polish ModernBERT: The Long and Short of Polish Language Understanding paper
• Annotated Surrogate Retrieval for Polish Statutory Law paper
• Do Small Models Use the Law You Give Them? Measuring Context Use on a Bilingual Bangladesh Legal Benchmark paper
• Cloud and On-Premises Deployment of Uzbek Legal RAG via Targeted Retriever Fine-Tuning paper
• RegDivergence-101: An LLM Benchmark for Cross-Jurisdiction Regulatory Contradiction Detection in Life Sciences paper
• GreenLeaf Law Embed Tiny: A Compact Embedding Model for Legal Domain Retrieval paper
• Figurative Justice: Detecting metaphors in Hindi judgements with qualitative assessment and transformers paper
• Sycophants in the Courtroom: Are LLMs Fragile to Juridical Authority and Evolving Legal Standards? paper
• Benchmarking Patent Drafting from Inventor-Style Disclosures paper
• ImmigrationReason: A Structured Dataset of U.S. Immigration Appeals for Legal Reasoning Research paper
• ContractScrub: A benchmark for final review of legal contracts paper
• ChildSafeAds Shared Task 2026: Commercial Content in Child-Facing YouTube Videos paper
• GreekBarRetrieval: A Benchmark for Greek Statutory Retrieval paper
• Gated Against One Model, Open to the Next: Option-Only Solvability in Legal Multiple-Choice Benchmarks paper
• Temporal Misgrounding in Legal RAG: A Versioned-Corpus Benchmark for French Tax Law paper
• LexKairos: Benchmarking Legal Temporal Capabilities in LLMs paper
• ANNOTARES: A Dataset for Extracting Logical Structures from German Statutory Texts paper
• CrossLex: A Source-Grounded Benchmark for Cross-Jurisdictional Legal Reasoning in Large Language Models paper
• Credit Cards, Confusion, Computation, and Consequences: What Can We Uncover About Language Model Reasoning? paper
• CAIL2018: A Large-Scale Legal Dataset for Judgment Prediction
• When does pretraining help? assessing self-supervised learning for law and the casehold dataset of 53,000+ legal holdings
• LeCaRD: a legal case retrieval dataset for Chinese law system
• LeXFiles and LegalLAMA: Facilitating English Multinational Legal Language Model Development
• Legal Extractive Summarization of U.S. Court Opinions
• Awesome Chinese Legal Resources github
• MultiLegalPile: A 689GB Multilingual Legal Corpus paper
• The Cambridge Law Corpus: A Corpus for Legal AI Research
• TransformLLM: Adapting Large Language Models via LLM-Transformed Reading Comprehension Text paper
• Natural Language Processing for the Legal Domain: A Survey of Tasks, Datasets, Models, and Challenges paper
• ChineseSafe: A Chinese Benchmark for Evaluating Safety in Large Language Models paper
• Augmenting Legal Decision Support Systems with LLM-based NLI for Analyzing Social Media Evidence paper
• CaseSumm: A Large-Scale Dataset for Long-Context Summarization from U.S. Supreme Court Opinions paper
• From Answers to Guidance: A Proactive Dialogue System for Legal Documents paper
• A Greek Government Decisions Dataset for Public-Sector Analysis and Insight [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.05647
• Data Augmented Pipeline for Legal Information Extraction and Reasoning paper
• Domain-Adaptation through Synthetic Data: Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for German Law paper
• Knowledge Augmented Entity and Relation Extraction for Legal Documents with Hypergraph Neural Network paper
• Quecto-V1: Empirical Analysis of 8-bit Quantized Small Language Models for On-Device Legal Retrieval paper
• SinhaLegal: A Benchmark Corpus for Information Extraction and Analysis in Sinhala Legislative Texts paper
• LAMUS: A Large-Scale Corpus for Legal Argument Mining from U.S. Caselaw using LLMs paper
• RoLegalGEC: Legal Domain Grammatical Error Detection and Correction Dataset for Romanian paper
• Automatic Construction of a Legal Citation Graph from 100 Million Ukrainian Court Decisions: Large-Scale Extraction, Topological Analysis, and Ontology-Driven Clustering paper
• Temporal Decay of Co-Citation Predictability: A 20-Year Statute Retrieval Benchmark from 396M Ukrainian Court Citations paper
• IMLJD: A Computational Dataset for Indian Matrimonial Litigation Analysis paper
• Fine-grained Claim-level RAG Benchmark for Law paper
• A Reproducible Universal Dependencies-Style Pipeline for Katharevousa Greek Parliamentary Text paper
• Temporal Concept Drift in Legal Judgment Prediction: Neural Baselines Across Three Epochs of Ukrainian Court Decisions paper
• Bundesrecht: An Open Library and Corpus for German Statutory Reference Processing paper
• CanLegalRAGBench: Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Generation on Canadian Case Law paper
• Scaling Multi-Hop Training Data via Graph-Constrained Path Selection paper
• ImmigrationQA: A Source-Grounded Dataset and Small-Model Adaptation for U.S. Immigration Law paper
• Citation Grounding: Detecting and Reducing LLM Citation Hallucinations via Legal Citation Graphs paper
• Enhancing BiGRU with a KAN Block for Legal Document Classification and Summarization paper
• Digging Up Citations: FOSSIL, a Dataset and Workflow for Reference Extraction in Law and the Humanities paper
• EURO-5K: When Does Domain Pretraining Matter? Benchmarking Transformers for EU Reporting Obligation Extraction paper
• HKJudge: A Legal Discourse-Annotated Corpus for Interpreting What Courts Find, How They Reason, and What They Rule paper
• LexRubric: A Rubric-Guided Diagnostic Benchmark for Open-Ended Legal Tasks paper
• From Statute to Control Flow: Span-Grounded Deontic Trees for Defeasible Scope Parsing paper
• Retrieval Augmented Generation Framework for the Nepali Legal Domain Question Answering paper
• REDACT: A Systematically Controlled Multilingual Benchmark for Personal Information Detection paper
• FineREX: Fine-Tuned NER-RE for Human Smuggling Knowledge Graphs paper
• Who Checks the Citations? Benchmarking Legal Hallucination Detection paper
• Open but Incompatible: A License Compatibility Analysis of Corpora for Low-Resource African Languages paper
• Grounded Event Extraction from SEC 8-K Filings with a Fine-Grained Taxonomy paper
• Enabling Multilingual Privacy Policy Audits: Large-Scale Analysis of Spanish Mobile Apps paper
• Do Small Models Use the Law You Give Them? Context-Injected Fine-Tuning for Legal QA in Bangladesh paper

Law LLMs

• Nepali Legal Expertise through Generative and Extractive Pre-trained Transformers (NepLEGiT) paper
• NepKANUN: A RAG-Based Nepali Legal Assistant paper
• Building Legal Reward Models for Grounding and Abstention paper
• Do Small Models Use the Law You Give Them? Measuring Context Use on a Bilingual Bangladesh Legal Benchmark paper
• GreenLeaf Law Embed Tiny: A Compact Embedding Model for Legal Domain Retrieval paper
• LawGPT_zh github
• LaWGPT github
• Lawyer LLaMA github
• LexiLaw github
• LexGPT 0.1: pre-trained GPT-J models with Pile of Law paper
• TOWARDS THE EXPLOITATION OF LLM-BASED CHATBOT FOR PROVIDING LEGAL SUPPORT TO PALESTINIAN COOPERATIVES paper
• ChatLaw: Open-Source Legal Large Language Model with Integrated External Knowledge Bases paper
• DISC-LawLLM github
• InternLM-Law: An Open Source Chinese Legal Large Language Model paper
• SaulLM-54B & SaulLM-141B: Scaling Up Domain Adaptation for the Legal Domain paper
• LAWGPT: KNOWLEDGE-GUIDED DATA GENERATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO LEGAL LLM paper
• HKGAI-V1: Towards Regional Sovereign Large Language Model for Hong Kong paper
• HUKUKBERT: Domain-Specific Language Model for Turkish Law paper
• PoliLegalLM: A Technical Report on a Large Language Model for Political and Legal Affairs paper
• ImmigrationQA: A Source-Grounded Dataset and Small-Model Adaptation for U.S. Immigration Law paper
• Legal Domain Adaptation of Modern BERT Models paper
• Do Small Models Use the Law You Give Them? Context-Injected Fine-Tuning for Legal QA in Bangladesh paper

Evaluation

• Benchmarking LLM Compliance with China AI Generated Content Regulations paper

• Before the Arrest: Benchmarking LLMs on Criminal Profiling from Incomplete Evidence paper

• How Much is a Human Right Worth? ECtHR-NPD: A Benchmark for Predicting Non-Pecuniary Damage Awards paper

• Linguistic Triggers of Gender and Racial Bias in Open-Weight LLMs Applied to Recruitment paper

• Legal LLM Hallucination Should Be Evaluated as Failure of Legal Warrant paper

• Nepali Legal Expertise through Generative and Extractive Pre-trained Transformers (NepLEGiT) paper

• NepKANUN: A RAG-Based Nepali Legal Assistant paper

• Few-Shot Degradation Is Not What It Seems: Behavioral Evidence, Representation Analysis, and a Random-Text Control Across 12 Models, 2 Tasks, and 2 Architectures paper

• CiteGuard-RAG: A Validation-Centered AI System for Evidence-Grounded Question Answering paper

• Building Legal Reward Models for Grounding and Abstention paper

• Algorithm Validation as a Policy Audit: Evidence from Race-blind Charging paper

• Tasks over Application Manuals: Revealing Gaps in Long-Horizon Procedural Reasoning for Language Models paper

• ProMediConv: Benchmarking Proactive Conversational Agents in Legal Dispute Mediation paper

• BodyCam-VQA: Enhanced Body-Worn Camera Video Captioning via Multimodal Reasoning and Probe Question Generation paper

• GANDR: Claim Auditing for Verifiable Legal Answer Generation paper

• When Does Defendant Statement Matter? A Study of Bias and Persuasion in LLM-Simulated Jurors paper

• MUCnoHARM@GermEval Shared Task 2026: Retrieval-based In-Context Learning for Defamatory Offences, and Where It Falls Short paper

• Reading a Legal Question Word by Word: Embedding Trajectories of 2,144 Vietnamese Legal Headlines paper

• FramingQA: Does the Question Shape the Answer? Measuring the Compositional Framing Effect paper

• Solving versus Verifying: Catching Contradictions in Tax Reasoning Systems paper

• LexFlip: A Dissociation Diagnostic for Legal Meaning Preservation Metrics paper

• KhatianDoc: A Human-Verified Benchmark Diagnosing Multimodal LLM Failure on Bengali Legal Land Records paper

• LexIssue: Benchmarking Legal Issue Identification in Chinese Civil Litigation paper

• Rent-a-RAG: Embedding-Space Watermarks for Auditing Third-Party RAG paper

• OBJECTION! Lawyer Agents Mitigate Guilty Bias in Legal Judgment Prediction paper

• Polish ModernBERT: The Long and Short of Polish Language Understanding paper

• Annotated Surrogate Retrieval for Polish Statutory Law paper

• Do Small Models Use the Law You Give Them? Measuring Context Use on a Bilingual Bangladesh Legal Benchmark paper

• Cloud and On-Premises Deployment of Uzbek Legal RAG via Targeted Retriever Fine-Tuning paper

• Cross Lingual Transfer in Tulu Legal Comprehension: Script-Dependent Improvement and RAG-Induced Knowledge Conflict paper

• RegDivergence-101: An LLM Benchmark for Cross-Jurisdiction Regulatory Contradiction Detection in Life Sciences paper

• GreenLeaf Law Embed Tiny: A Compact Embedding Model for Legal Domain Retrieval paper

• Figurative Justice: Detecting metaphors in Hindi judgements with qualitative assessment and transformers paper

• Modeling Claim Dependency Structure for Patent Litigation Prediction with Graph Attention Networks paper

• Sycophants in the Courtroom: Are LLMs Fragile to Juridical Authority and Evolving Legal Standards? paper

• Generative Gap Filling paper

• Benchmarking Patent Drafting from Inventor-Style Disclosures paper

• Ansari: A Retrieval-Grounded Islamic AI Assistant -- Architecture, Deployment, and Lessons from 140,000 Conversations paper

• ContractScrub: A benchmark for final review of legal contracts paper

• ChildSafeAds Shared Task 2026: Commercial Content in Child-Facing YouTube Videos paper

• GreekBarRetrieval: A Benchmark for Greek Statutory Retrieval paper

• CoAL-RAG: A Complexity-Aware Legal Retrieval-Augmented Generation Method paper

• Can LLMs Reason in a Legally Meaningful Manner? A Small-scale Study on European Court of Human Rights Cases paper

• Calibrated Trust, Not Sharper Prediction: An Empirical Test of Uncertainty Fusion paper

• Gated Against One Model, Open to the Next: Option-Only Solvability in Legal Multiple-Choice Benchmarks paper

• Time as Structure: Temporal Dependency Graphs for Verifiable Deadline Computation over Legal Documents paper

• How Much Do Legal RAG Systems Still Hallucinate? paper

• On Measuring Semantic Preservation in Legal Ontology Learning paper

• Why Do AI Agents Break Rules? How Framing, Context, and Social Signals Shape Compliance paper

• Is this Citation on Point? paper

• Evaluating Rational Contracting in Natural Language paper

• Temporal Misgrounding in Legal RAG: A Versioned-Corpus Benchmark for French Tax Law paper

• LexKairos: Benchmarking Legal Temporal Capabilities in LLMs paper

• PolicyKG: An Agentic LLM Pipeline for Translating Institutional Policies into SHACL Knowledge Graphs paper

• ANNOTARES: A Dataset for Extracting Logical Structures from German Statutory Texts paper

• Knowing the Form, Not the Function: Automatically Auditing Answer--Authority Decoupling in Legal Benchmarks paper

• CrossLex: A Source-Grounded Benchmark for Cross-Jurisdictional Legal Reasoning in Large Language Models paper

• Semantics of Subterfuge: Benchmarking Legal Deception Detection Against General-domain State-of-the-Art paper

• Credit Cards, Confusion, Computation, and Consequences: What Can We Uncover About Language Model Reasoning? paper

• LegalCiteTrust: Benchmarking Citation Trustworthiness in Chinese Long-Form Legal Research Reports paper

• Measuring Massive Multitask Chinese Understanding paper

• LawBench: Benchmarking Legal Knowledge of Large Language Models github

• Large Language Models are legal but they are not: Making the case for a powerful LegalLLM paper

• Better Call GPT, Comparing Large Language Models Against Lawyers paper

• Evaluating GPT-3.5's Awareness and Summarization Abilities for European Constitutional Texts with Shared Topics paper

• Evaluation Ethics of LLMs in Legal Domain paper

• GPTs and Language Barrier: A Cross-Lingual Legal QA Examination paper

• LawBench: Benchmarking Legal Knowledge of Large Language Models paper

• LexEval: A Comprehensive Chinese Legal Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models paper

• LegalAgentBench: Evaluating LLM Agents in Legal Domain paper

• Measuring Faithfulness and Abstention: An Automated Pipeline for Evaluating LLM-Generated 3-ply Case-Based Legal Arguments paper

• LegalEval-Q: A New Benchmark for The Quality Evaluation of LLM-Generated Legal Text paper

• When Fairness Isn't Statistical: The Limits of Machine Learning in Evaluating Legal Reasoning paper

• LexTime: A Benchmark for Temporal Ordering of Legal Events paper

• LLM-based HSE Compliance Assessment: Benchmark, Performance, and Advancements paper

• VLQA: The First Comprehensive, Large, and High-Quality Vietnamese Dataset for Legal Question Answering paper

• The Massive Legal Embedding Benchmark (MLEB) paper

• LexGenius: An Expert-Level Benchmark for Large Language Models in Legal General Intelligence paper

• Legal-DC: Benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Legal Documents paper

• Adaptive Cost-Efficient Evaluation for Reliable Patent Claim Validation paper

• From Benchmarking to Reasoning: A Dual-Aspect, Large-Scale Evaluation of LLMs on Vietnamese Legal Text paper

• Exploiting LLM-as-a-Judge Disposition on Free Text Legal QA via Prompt Optimization paper

• Tokenizer Fertility and Zero-Shot Performance of Foundation Models on Ukrainian Legal Text: A Comparative Study paper

• Reasoners or Translators? Contamination-aware Evaluation and Neuro-Symbolic Robustness in Tax Law paper

• Validate Your Authority: Benchmarking LLMs on Multi-Label Precedent Treatment Classification paper

• LP-Eval: Rubric and Dataset for Measuring the Quality of Legal Proposition Generation paper

• GradeLegal: Automated Grading for German Legal Cases paper

• Asking For An Old Friend: Diagnosing and Mitigating Temporal Failure Modes in LLM-based Statutory Question Answering paper

• A Two-Phase Stability Study of LLM Judges and Bar Council Examiners on Thai Bar-Exam Free-Form Essays paper

• JudgmentBench: Comparing Rubric and Preference Evaluation for Quality Assessment paper

• The Cases LJP Never Sees: Prosecution Decision Prediction for More Complete Criminal Liability Assessment paper

• BenGER: Benchmarking LLM Systems on Subsumption-Based Legal Reasoning in German Law paper

• Multi-Legal-Bench: Evaluating LLMs on Legal Reasoning Across Jurisdictions, Languages, and Legal Traditions paper

• UA-Legal-Bench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on Ukrainian Legal Reasoning paper

• LegalBench-BR: A Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on Brazilian Legal Decision Classification paper

• IndiaFinBench: An Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Model Performance on Indian Financial Regulatory Text paper

• RARE: Redundancy-Aware Retrieval Evaluation Framework for High-Similarity Corpora paper

• ImmigrationQA: A Source-Grounded Dataset and Small-Model Adaptation for U.S. Immigration Law paper

• CanLegalRAGBench: Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Generation on Canadian Case Law paper

• Citation Grounding: Detecting and Reducing LLM Citation Hallucinations via Legal Citation Graphs paper

• Which Institutional Frameworks Do Chatbots Assume? Auditing Jurisdictional Defaults in Multilingual LLMs paper

• On Wednesdays, We Ask Questions: Optimizing "Active Listening" in Automated Legal Triage and Referral paper

• Re-Ranking Through an Attribution Lens for Citation Quality in Legal QA paper

• EURO-5K: When Does Domain Pretraining Matter? Benchmarking Transformers for EU Reporting Obligation Extraction paper

• HKJudge: A Legal Discourse-Annotated Corpus for Interpreting What Courts Find, How They Reason, and What They Rule paper

• LexRubric: A Rubric-Guided Diagnostic Benchmark for Open-Ended Legal Tasks paper

• From Statute to Control Flow: Span-Grounded Deontic Trees for Defeasible Scope Parsing paper

• Retrieval Augmented Generation Framework for the Nepali Legal Domain Question Answering paper

• REDACT: A Systematically Controlled Multilingual Benchmark for Personal Information Detection paper

• DeXposure-Claw: An Agentic System for DeFi Risk Supervision paper

• Measuring & Mitigating Over-Alignment for LLMs in Multilingual Criminal Law Courts paper

• Who Checks the Citations? Benchmarking Legal Hallucination Detection paper

• Peeking Inside LLMs: Leveraging Internal Artifacts of LLMs for Enhancing Reliability in Legal Classification paper

• Probing Stylistic Appropriation using Large Language Models: An Evaluation Framework for Copyright Infringement under EU Law paper

• Do LLMs Fabricate Legal Citations? A Bilingual Benchmark on Saudi Data Protection Law and the GDPR paper

• The Perplexity Trap: When Patent Law Makes Human Writing Look Like AI paper

The survey paper is shown in paper

Acknowledgement

Please cite the following papers as references if this repository helps you (*ゝω・)ﾉThanks!

@article{sun2023short,
  title={A short survey of viewing large language models in legal aspect},
  author={Sun, Zhongxiang},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.09136v2},
  year={2023}
}

• AILQA: Evaluating AI-Driven Legal Question Answering Systems for the Indian Legal System paper
• Enabling Multilingual Privacy Policy Audits: Large-Scale Analysis of Spanish Mobile Apps paper
• Agentic Evaluation of Copyright Law Compliance paper
• From Obligation to Specification: A Survey on Validating EU AI Act Requirements in RE paper
• Reasoning Consensus: Structural Ensembling of LLM Reasoning via Weighted DAG Aggregation paper