Awesome Workflow Optimization for LLM Agents

A curated list of papers on workflow optimization for LLM agents.

This repository accompanies the survey paper: From Static Templates to Dynamic Runtime Graphs: A Survey of Workflow Optimization for LLM Agents (https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.22386).

This list focuses on papers whose main contribution is workflow optimization. To keep the repository concise and method-centric, it does not aim to cover general survey papers, benchmarks, datasets, or framework/tooling papers.

The list is organized by when workflow structure is determined: static optimization and dynamic optimization.

Table of Contents

• Static Optimization
  • Offline template search over constrained design spaces
  • Node-level optimization inside fixed scaffolds
  • Joint optimization of structure and local configuration
  • Verifiability in static workflow optimization
• Dynamic Optimization and Runtime Adaptation
  • Selection and pruning as the lightest form of runtime adaptation
  • Construct-then-execute: pre-execution workflow generation
  • In-execution editing: interleaving execution with structural change
• Contributing
• Citation
• Star History

Static Optimization

Offline template search over constrained design spaces

Node-level optimization inside fixed scaffolds

Joint optimization of structure and local configuration

Verifiability in static workflow optimization

Dynamic Optimization and Runtime Adaptation

Selection and pruning as the lightest form of runtime adaptation

Construct-then-execute: pre-execution workflow generation

In-execution editing: interleaving execution with structural change

Contributing

Contributions are welcome! To suggest a new paper, please open an issue with the following information:

1. Paper title, year, and a link to the official paper page.
2. The subsection you think it belongs to.
3. A brief reason why its main contribution is workflow optimization.

We will review and update the list accordingly. Please note:

• Only papers whose main contribution is workflow optimization will be included.
• Each paper is placed in exactly one subsection that best matches its main contribution.
• We prefer official paper pages (e.g., conference proceedings, arXiv).

Citation

If you find this repository or the accompanying survey helpful, please cite:

@article{yue2026survey,
  title={From Static Templates to Dynamic Runtime Graphs: A Survey of Workflow Optimization for LLM Agents},
  author={Yue, Ling and Bhandari, Kushal Raj and Ko, Ching-Yun and Patel, Dhaval and Lin, Shuxin and Zhou, Nianjun and Gao, Jianxi and Chen, Pin-Yu and Pan, Shaowu},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.22386},
  year={2026}
}

Star History