HorizonTEL/AIGIBench

Python

60

47 commits

updated Jul 11, 2026

See the code

README


Is Artificial Intelligence Generated Image Detection a Solved Problem?

Ziqiang Li1, Jiazhen Yan1, Ziwen He1, Kai Zeng2, Weiwei Jiang1, Lizhi Xiong1, Zhangjie Fu1‡

‡Corresponding author

1Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology 2University of Siena

🔥 News

  • [2025-09-19]🎉🎉🎉 AIGIBench is accepted by NeurIPS 2025 Datasets and Benchmarks.

This repository is the official repository of the AIGIBench.

This repository contains the AIGIBench dataset and the evaluated methods.

AIGIBench dataset contains two types of training and 25 test subsets. This dataset has the following advantages:

  • Comprehensive generate types: including GAN-based Noise-to-Image Generation, Diffusion for Text-to-Image Generation, GANs for Deepfake, Diffusion for Personalized Generation, and Open-source Platforms.
  • State-of-the-art Generators: MidjourneyV6, Stable Diffusion 3, Imagen, DALLE3, InstantID, FaceSwap, StyleGAN-XL and so on.
  • Completely unknown generation method: Crawl pictures from communities and social media to build datasets CommunityAI & SocialRF, making detection more challenging.

example

If this project helps you, please fork, watch, and give a star to this repository.

📚Dataset

The training set and testing set used in the paper can be downloaded on Huggingface/Baidu Netdisk.

Each folder contains compressed files. After unzip the file, files under the data root directory can be organized as follows.

Train

AIGIBench introduces two training dataset settings: (i) Setting-I: Training on 144K images generated by ProGAN across four object categories—car, cat, chair, and horse. (ii) Setting-II: Training on 144K images generated by both SD-v1.4 and ProGAN, covering the same four object categories. The data of ProGAN comes from ForenSynths, and the data of sdv1.4 comes from GenImage. In order to maintain the fairness of the training data, we randomly select the sdv1.4 training images of GenImage to keep the same number as ProGAN, and then merge the data. The file directory is as follows:

├── train
│   ├── car
│   │   ├── 0_real
│   │   ├── 1_fake
│   ├── cat
│   │   ├── ...
│   ├── chair
│   │   ├── ...
│   ├── horse
│   │   ├── ...
│   ├── sdv1.4
│   │   ├── 0_real
│   │   ├── 1_fake
├── val
│   ├── ...
│   │   ├── 0_real
│   │   ├── 1_fake
│   │   ...

Test

AIGIBench comprehensively tests the performance of the detector and builds a test dataset from five perspectives: GAN-based Noise-to-Image Generation, Diffusion for Text-to-Image Generation, GANs for Deepfake, Diffusion for Personalized Generation, and Open-source Platforms. The file directory is as follows:

├── test
│   ├── ProGAN
│   │   ├── 0_real
│   │   ├── 1_fake
│   ├── R3GAN
│   │   ├── ...
│   │   ...
│   ├── BlendFace
│   │   ├── 0_real
│   │   ├── 1_fake
│   ├── InSwap
│   │   ├── ...
│   │   ...
│   ├── FLUX1-dev
│   │   ├── 0_real
│   │   ├── 1_fake
│   ├── Midjourney-V6
│   │   ├── ...
│   │   ...
│   ├── BLIP
│   │   ├── 0_real
│   │   ├── 1_fake
│   ├── Infinite-ID
│   │   ├── ...
│   │   ...
│   ├── CommunityAI
│   │   ├── 0_real
│   │   ├── 1_fake
│   ├── SocialRF
│   │   ├── ...

Note: The test set count in the paper contained some errors, which we are correcting here. Please note that the number of real images and generated images are consistent; only the number of generated images is listed below.

GeneratorNumber
CommunityAI6000
SocialRF3000
FaceSwap4000
ImSwap4000
WFIR1000

🔍Detection Methods

We use the official code for all detection codes and make unified modifications to the input and output. The code we use for training in Setting-II is publicly available above, the corresponding pre-trained checkpoints are publicly available on Huggingface. Of course, if you need the code from the original paper, the following is the corresponding detection code in the paper:

  • ResNet-50: Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
  • CNNDetection: CNN-generated images are surprisingly easy to spot...for now
  • GramNet: Global Texture Enhancement for Fake Face Detection in the Wild
  • LGrad: Learning on Gradients: Generalized Artifacts Representation for GAN-Generated Images Detection
  • CLIPDetection: Towards Universal Fake Image Detectors that Generalize Across Generative Models
  • FreqNet: FreqNet: A Frequency-domain Image Super-Resolution Network with Dicrete Cosine Transform
  • NPR: Rethinking the Up-Sampling Operations in CNN-based Generative Network for Generalizable Deepfake Detection
  • DFFreq: Dual Frequency Branch Framework with Reconstructed Sliding Windows Attention for AI-Generated Image Detection
  • LaDeDa: Real-Time Deepfake Detection in the Real-World
  • AIDE: A Sanity Check for AI-generated Image Detection
  • SAFE: Improving Synthetic Image Detection Towards Generalization: An Image Transformation Perspectives
  • Effort: Orthogonal Subspace Decomposition for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Detection

⏳Detection Results (Continuously updating)

To ensure a fair comparison, we retrain all baseline methods on the Setting-II of AIGIBench.

If your retrained results differ significantly from those shown, please contact us.

MethodPaperRefR.Acc.F.Acc.Acc.A.P.
CNNDetectionCNN-generated images are surprisingly easy to spot... for nowCVPR 202098.211.654.967.0
Gram-NetGlobal Texture Enhancement for Fake Face Detection In the WildCVPR 202090.526.658.662.4
LGradLearning on Gradients: Generalized Artifacts Representation for GAN-Generated Images DetectionCVPR 202385.839.662.966.6
UniFDTowards Universal Fake Image Detectors that Generalize Across Generative ModelsCVPR 202373.371.572.575.6
FreqNetFrequency-Aware Deepfake Detection: Improving Generalizability through Frequency Space LearningAAAI 202465.966.466.270.1
NPRRethinking the Up-Sampling Operations in CNN-based Generative Network for Generalizable Deepfake DetectionCVPR 202493.841.967.973.9
LadedaReal-Time Deepfake Detection in the Real-WorldArxiv 202491.754.973.479.3
DFFreqDual Frequency Branch Framework with Reconstructed Sliding Windows Attention for AI-Generated Image DetectionTIFS 202691.858.075.182.2
C2P-CLIP*C2P-CLIP: Injecting Category Common Prompt in CLIP to Enhance Generalization in Deepfake DetectionAAAI 202593.849.871.882.2
AIDEA Sanity Check for AI-generated Image DetectionICLR 202588.167.077.682.7
SAFEImproving Synthetic Image Detection Towards Generalization: An Image Transformation PerspectivesKDD 202589.066.678.183.6
VIB-NetTowards Universal AI-Generated Image Detection by Variational Information Bottleneck NetworkCVPR 202560.678.169.370.9
$D^3$$D^3$: Scaling Up Deepfake Detection by Learning from DiscrepancyCVPR 202581.046.463.768.9
EffortOrthogonal Subspace Decomposition for Generalizable AI-Generated Image DetectionICML 202596.957.177.187.2
FerretNetFerretNet: Efficient Synthetic Image Detection via Local Pixel DependenciesNIPS 202596.661.879.485.8
LOTALOTA: Bit-Planes Guided AI-Generated Image DetectionICCV 202589.365.177.483.1
BSFBeyond Semantic Features: Pixel-level Mapping for Generalized AI-Generated Image DetectionAAAI 202691.565.678.881.1
LTDLayer Consistency Matters: Elegant Latent Transition Discrepancy for Generalizable Synthetic Image DetectionCVPR 202682.067.774.977.6
DGS-NetDGS-Net: Distillation-Guided Gradient Surgery for CLIP Fine-Tuning in AI-Generated Image DetectionICML 202683.081.582.387.8

For specific reasons, in the following method, we directly utilize the official pre-trained weights for inference.

MethodPaperRefR.Acc.F.Acc.Acc.A.P.
DDADual Data Alignment Makes AI-Generated Image Detector Easier GeneralizableNIPS 202593.969.381.690.2

Citation

@inproceedings{li2025artificial,
  title={Is Artificial Intelligence Generated Image Detection a Solved Problem?},
  author={Li, Ziqiang and Yan, Jiazhen and He, Ziwen and Zeng, Kai and Jiang, Weiwei and Xiong, Lizhi and Fu, Zhangjie},
  booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  year={2025}
}

Contact

If you have any question about this project, please feel free to contact 247918horizon@gmail.com

Contributors

HorizonTEL

47 commits

HorizonTEL/AIGIBench

Python

60

47 commits

updated Jul 11, 2026

See the code

README


Is Artificial Intelligence Generated Image Detection a Solved Problem?

Ziqiang Li1, Jiazhen Yan1, Ziwen He1, Kai Zeng2, Weiwei Jiang1, Lizhi Xiong1, Zhangjie Fu1‡

‡Corresponding author

1Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology 2University of Siena

🔥 News

  • [2025-09-19]🎉🎉🎉 AIGIBench is accepted by NeurIPS 2025 Datasets and Benchmarks.

This repository is the official repository of the AIGIBench.

This repository contains the AIGIBench dataset and the evaluated methods.

AIGIBench dataset contains two types of training and 25 test subsets. This dataset has the following advantages:

  • Comprehensive generate types: including GAN-based Noise-to-Image Generation, Diffusion for Text-to-Image Generation, GANs for Deepfake, Diffusion for Personalized Generation, and Open-source Platforms.
  • State-of-the-art Generators: MidjourneyV6, Stable Diffusion 3, Imagen, DALLE3, InstantID, FaceSwap, StyleGAN-XL and so on.
  • Completely unknown generation method: Crawl pictures from communities and social media to build datasets CommunityAI & SocialRF, making detection more challenging.

example

If this project helps you, please fork, watch, and give a star to this repository.

📚Dataset

The training set and testing set used in the paper can be downloaded on Huggingface/Baidu Netdisk.

Each folder contains compressed files. After unzip the file, files under the data root directory can be organized as follows.

Train

AIGIBench introduces two training dataset settings: (i) Setting-I: Training on 144K images generated by ProGAN across four object categories—car, cat, chair, and horse. (ii) Setting-II: Training on 144K images generated by both SD-v1.4 and ProGAN, covering the same four object categories. The data of ProGAN comes from ForenSynths, and the data of sdv1.4 comes from GenImage. In order to maintain the fairness of the training data, we randomly select the sdv1.4 training images of GenImage to keep the same number as ProGAN, and then merge the data. The file directory is as follows:

├── train
│   ├── car
│   │   ├── 0_real
│   │   ├── 1_fake
│   ├── cat
│   │   ├── ...
│   ├── chair
│   │   ├── ...
│   ├── horse
│   │   ├── ...
│   ├── sdv1.4
│   │   ├── 0_real
│   │   ├── 1_fake
├── val
│   ├── ...
│   │   ├── 0_real
│   │   ├── 1_fake
│   │   ...

Test

AIGIBench comprehensively tests the performance of the detector and builds a test dataset from five perspectives: GAN-based Noise-to-Image Generation, Diffusion for Text-to-Image Generation, GANs for Deepfake, Diffusion for Personalized Generation, and Open-source Platforms. The file directory is as follows:

├── test
│   ├── ProGAN
│   │   ├── 0_real
│   │   ├── 1_fake
│   ├── R3GAN
│   │   ├── ...
│   │   ...
│   ├── BlendFace
│   │   ├── 0_real
│   │   ├── 1_fake
│   ├── InSwap
│   │   ├── ...
│   │   ...
│   ├── FLUX1-dev
│   │   ├── 0_real
│   │   ├── 1_fake
│   ├── Midjourney-V6
│   │   ├── ...
│   │   ...
│   ├── BLIP
│   │   ├── 0_real
│   │   ├── 1_fake
│   ├── Infinite-ID
│   │   ├── ...
│   │   ...
│   ├── CommunityAI
│   │   ├── 0_real
│   │   ├── 1_fake
│   ├── SocialRF
│   │   ├── ...

Note: The test set count in the paper contained some errors, which we are correcting here. Please note that the number of real images and generated images are consistent; only the number of generated images is listed below.

GeneratorNumber
CommunityAI6000
SocialRF3000
FaceSwap4000
ImSwap4000
WFIR1000

🔍Detection Methods

We use the official code for all detection codes and make unified modifications to the input and output. The code we use for training in Setting-II is publicly available above, the corresponding pre-trained checkpoints are publicly available on Huggingface. Of course, if you need the code from the original paper, the following is the corresponding detection code in the paper:

  • ResNet-50: Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
  • CNNDetection: CNN-generated images are surprisingly easy to spot...for now
  • GramNet: Global Texture Enhancement for Fake Face Detection in the Wild
  • LGrad: Learning on Gradients: Generalized Artifacts Representation for GAN-Generated Images Detection
  • CLIPDetection: Towards Universal Fake Image Detectors that Generalize Across Generative Models
  • FreqNet: FreqNet: A Frequency-domain Image Super-Resolution Network with Dicrete Cosine Transform
  • NPR: Rethinking the Up-Sampling Operations in CNN-based Generative Network for Generalizable Deepfake Detection
  • DFFreq: Dual Frequency Branch Framework with Reconstructed Sliding Windows Attention for AI-Generated Image Detection
  • LaDeDa: Real-Time Deepfake Detection in the Real-World
  • AIDE: A Sanity Check for AI-generated Image Detection
  • SAFE: Improving Synthetic Image Detection Towards Generalization: An Image Transformation Perspectives
  • Effort: Orthogonal Subspace Decomposition for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Detection

⏳Detection Results (Continuously updating)

To ensure a fair comparison, we retrain all baseline methods on the Setting-II of AIGIBench.

If your retrained results differ significantly from those shown, please contact us.

MethodPaperRefR.Acc.F.Acc.Acc.A.P.
CNNDetectionCNN-generated images are surprisingly easy to spot... for nowCVPR 202098.211.654.967.0
Gram-NetGlobal Texture Enhancement for Fake Face Detection In the WildCVPR 202090.526.658.662.4
LGradLearning on Gradients: Generalized Artifacts Representation for GAN-Generated Images DetectionCVPR 202385.839.662.966.6
UniFDTowards Universal Fake Image Detectors that Generalize Across Generative ModelsCVPR 202373.371.572.575.6
FreqNetFrequency-Aware Deepfake Detection: Improving Generalizability through Frequency Space LearningAAAI 202465.966.466.270.1
NPRRethinking the Up-Sampling Operations in CNN-based Generative Network for Generalizable Deepfake DetectionCVPR 202493.841.967.973.9
LadedaReal-Time Deepfake Detection in the Real-WorldArxiv 202491.754.973.479.3
DFFreqDual Frequency Branch Framework with Reconstructed Sliding Windows Attention for AI-Generated Image DetectionTIFS 202691.858.075.182.2
C2P-CLIP*C2P-CLIP: Injecting Category Common Prompt in CLIP to Enhance Generalization in Deepfake DetectionAAAI 202593.849.871.882.2
AIDEA Sanity Check for AI-generated Image DetectionICLR 202588.167.077.682.7
SAFEImproving Synthetic Image Detection Towards Generalization: An Image Transformation PerspectivesKDD 202589.066.678.183.6
VIB-NetTowards Universal AI-Generated Image Detection by Variational Information Bottleneck NetworkCVPR 202560.678.169.370.9
$D^3$$D^3$: Scaling Up Deepfake Detection by Learning from DiscrepancyCVPR 202581.046.463.768.9
EffortOrthogonal Subspace Decomposition for Generalizable AI-Generated Image DetectionICML 202596.957.177.187.2
FerretNetFerretNet: Efficient Synthetic Image Detection via Local Pixel DependenciesNIPS 202596.661.879.485.8
LOTALOTA: Bit-Planes Guided AI-Generated Image DetectionICCV 202589.365.177.483.1
BSFBeyond Semantic Features: Pixel-level Mapping for Generalized AI-Generated Image DetectionAAAI 202691.565.678.881.1
LTDLayer Consistency Matters: Elegant Latent Transition Discrepancy for Generalizable Synthetic Image DetectionCVPR 202682.067.774.977.6
DGS-NetDGS-Net: Distillation-Guided Gradient Surgery for CLIP Fine-Tuning in AI-Generated Image DetectionICML 202683.081.582.387.8

For specific reasons, in the following method, we directly utilize the official pre-trained weights for inference.

MethodPaperRefR.Acc.F.Acc.Acc.A.P.
DDADual Data Alignment Makes AI-Generated Image Detector Easier GeneralizableNIPS 202593.969.381.690.2

Citation

@inproceedings{li2025artificial,
  title={Is Artificial Intelligence Generated Image Detection a Solved Problem?},
  author={Li, Ziqiang and Yan, Jiazhen and He, Ziwen and Zeng, Kai and Jiang, Weiwei and Xiong, Lizhi and Fu, Zhangjie},
  booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  year={2025}
}

Contact

If you have any question about this project, please feel free to contact 247918horizon@gmail.com

Contributors

HorizonTEL

47 commits

Languages

Python

99.2%