xiyuanzh/awesome-llm-time-series

tracking papers, datasets, and models of "large language model (LLM) for time series"

521

29 commits

updated Jul 26, 2024

See the code

README

awesome-llm-time-series

Tracking papers on "LLM for time series analysis", more details in Large Language Models for Time Series: A Survey.

[New🔥] Our survey paper is accepted to IJCAI 2024, survey track!

Left: Taxonomy of LLMs for time series analysis. If we outline typical LLM-driven NLP pipelines in five stages - input text, tokenization, embedding, LLM, output - then each category of our taxonomy targets one specific stage in this pipeline:

  • Prompting (input stage) treats time series data as raw text and directly prompts LLMs with time series;
  • Time Series Quantization (tokenization stage) discretizes time series as special tokens for LLMs to process;
  • Aligning (embedding stage) designs time series encoder to align time series embeddings with language space;
  • Vision as Bridge (LLM stage) connects time series with Vision-Lanuage Models (VLM) by employing visual representations as a bridge;
  • Tool Integration (output stage) adopts language models to output tools to benefit time series analysis.

Right: Representative works for each category, sorted by their publication dates. The use of arrows indicates that later works build upon earlier studies. Dark(light)-colored boxes represent billion(million)-parameter models. Icons to the left of the text boxes represent the application domains of domain-specific models.

Taxonomy

Prompting

DatePaperInstituteConferenceDomainTaskLLM
11 Sep 2022Leveraging Language Foundation Models for Human Mobility ForecastingUniversity of New South WalesSIGSPATIAL'22MobilityForecastingBERT, BoBERTa, GPT-2, etc.
20 Sep 2022PromptCast: A New Prompt-based Learning Paradigm for Time Series ForecastingUniversity of New South WalesTKDE'23GeneralForecastingBART, BigBird, RoBERTa, etc.
19 Oct 2022TabLLM: Few-shot Classification of Tabular Data with Large Language ModelsMIT, University of MünsterAISTATS'23TableClassificationT0, GPT-3
30 Mar 2023BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for FinanceBloomberg, Johns Hopkins UniversityPreprintFinanceSentiment Analysis, NER, QA, etc.BloombergGPT
10 Apr 2023The Wall Street Neophyte: A Zero-Shot Analysis of ChatGPT Over MultiModal Stock Movement Prediction ChallengesWuhan University, Southwest Jiaotong University, etc.PreprintFinanceForecastingChatGPT
24 May 2023Large Language Models are Few-Shot Health LearnersGooglePreprintHealthClassification, RegressionPaLM
10 Jul 2023Large Language Models as General Pattern MachinesStanford University, Google DeepMind, etc.CoRL'23GeneralForecasting, Translation, etc.GPT-3, PaLM
29 Aug 2023Where Would I Go Next? Large Language Models as Human Mobility PredictorsUniversity College London, University of LiverpoolPreprintMobilityForecastingGPT-3.5
7 Oct 2023Large Language Models for Spatial Trajectory Patterns MiningEmory UniversityPreprintMobilityAnomaly DetectionGPT-3.5, GPT-4, Claude-2
11 Oct 2023Large Language Models Are Zero-Shot Time Series ForecastersNYU, CMUNeurIPS'23GeneralForecastingGPT-3, LLaMA-2
26 Oct 2023Utilizing Language Models for Energy Load ForecastingUniversity of New South WalesBuildSys'23EnergyForecastingBART, Bigbird, Pegasus
16 Feb 2024Time Series Forecasting with LLMs: Understanding and Enhancing Model CapabilitiesRutgers University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, etc.PreprintGeneralForecastingGPT-3.5, GPT-4, LLaMA-2
25 Feb 2024LSTPrompt: Large Language Models as Zero-Shot Time Series Forecasters by Long-Short-Term PromptingGeorgia Institute of Technology, Microsoft Research AsiaPreprintGeneralForecastingGPT-3.5, GPT-4
2 Mar 2024Evaluating Large Language Models as Virtual Annotators for Time-series Physical Sensing DataIndian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Nokia Bell LabsPreprintIoTClassificationGPT-4

Quantization

Left: VQ-VAE based quantization

Right: K-Means based quantization

DatePaperInstituteConferenceDomainTaskLLM
7 Sep 2022AudioLM: a Language Modeling Approach to Audio GenerationGooglePreprintAudioGenerationw2v-BERT
30 Sep 2022AudioGen: Textually Guided Audio GenerationMeta, The Hebrew University of JerusalemICLR'23AudioGenerationTransformer
9 Mar 2023Text-to-ECG: 12-Lead Electrocardiogram Synthesis conditioned on Clinical Text ReportsKAIST, Medical AI Inc., etc.ICASSP'23HealthGenerationTransformer
18 May 2023SpeechGPT: Empowering Large Language Models with Intrinsic Cross-Modal Conversational AbilitiesFudan UniversityEMNLP'23 FindingsAudioGeneration, TranslationLLaMA
25 May 2023VioLA: Unified Codec Language Models for Speech Recognition, Synthesis, and TranslationMicrosoftPreprintAudioGeneration, TranslationTransformer
19 Jun 2023Temporal Data Meets LLM -- Explainable Financial Time Series ForecastingAmazonPreprintFinanceForecastingGPT-4, Open LLaMA
22 Jun 2023AudioPaLM: A Large Language Model That Can Speak and ListenGooglePreprintAudioGeneration, TranslationPaLM-2
15 Sept 2023Modeling Time Series as Text Sequence A Frequency-vectorization Transformer for Time Series ForecastingAnonymousOpenReviewGeneralForecastingTransformer
22 Sept 2023Time Series Modeling at Scale: A Universal Representation Across Tasks and DomainsAnonymousOpenReviewGeneralForecasting, Classification, etc.Transformer
25 Sep 2023DeWave: Discrete EEG Waves Encoding for Brain Dynamics to Text TranslationUniversity of Technology Sydney, The University of SydneyNeurIPS'23HealthGenerationBART
1 Oct 2023UniAudio: An Audio Foundation Model Toward Universal Audio GenerationThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, CMU, etc.PreprintAudioGenerationTransformer
12 Mar 2024Chronos: Learning the Language of Time SeriesAmazon Web Services, UC San Diego, etc.PreprintGeneralForecastingT5
19 Mar 2024Advancing Time Series Classification with Multimodal Language ModelingUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaPreprintGeneralClassificationGPT-2
19 Mar 2024Learning Transferable Time Series Classifier with Cross-Domain Pre-training from Language ModelUniversity of Science and Technology of China, Kuaishou TechnologyPreprintGeneralClassificationBERT, GPT-2

Aligning

Left: Aligning by similarity matching

Right: Aligning with large language models as backbones, where the output could be time series (e.g., forecasting) or text (e.g., EEG-to-text) depending on the downstream tasks.

DatePaperInstituteConferenceDomainTaskLLM
5 Dec 2021Open Vocabulary Electroencephalography-To-Text Decoding and Zero-shot Sentiment ClassificationUIUCAAAI'22HealthTranslation, ClassificationBART
29 Mar 2022WAVPROMPT: Towards Few-Shot Spoken Language Understanding with Frozen Language ModelsUIUC, MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab, etc.PreprintAudioClassificationGPT-2
10 Aug 2022Can Brain Signals Reveal Inner Alignment with Human Languages?CMU, MIT, etc.EMNLP'23 FindingsHealthSentiment Analysis, Relation DetectionBERT
21 Jan 2023Transfer Knowledge from Natural Language to Electrocardiography: Can We Detect Cardiovascular Disease Through Language Models?CMU, Allegheny General Hospital, etc.EACL'23 FindingsHealthGeneration, ClassificationBERT, BART
23 Feb 2023One Fits All:Power General Time Series Analysis by Pretrained LMAlibabaNeurIPS'23GeneralForecasting, Classification, etc.GPT-2
18 May 2023Listen, Think, and UnderstandMIT, MIT-IBM Watson AI LabICLR'24AudioClassification, CaptioningVicuna
16 Aug 2023TEST: Text Prototype Aligned Embedding to Activate LLM's Ability for Time SeriesPeking University, Alibaba GroupICLR'24GeneralForecasting, ClassificationBERT, GPT-2, ChatGLM, etc.
16 Aug 2023LLM4TS: Aligning Pre-Trained LLMs as Data-Efficient Time-Series ForecastersNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityPreprintGeneralForecastingGPT-2
22 Aug 2023Music Understanding LLaMA: Advancing Text-to-Music Generation with Question Answering and CaptioningTencent, National University of SingaporePreprintAudioQA, CaptioningLLaMA
6 Sep 2023ETP: Learning Transferable ECG Representations via ECG-Text Pre-trainingImperial College London, The Ohio State UniversityPreprintHealthClassificationBioClinicalBERT
19 Sep 2023End-to-End Speech Recognition Contextualization with Large Language ModelsMetaPreprintAudioASRLLaMA
3 Oct 2023Time-LLM: Time Series Forecasting by Reprogramming Large Language ModelsMonash University, Ant Group, etc.ICLR'24GeneralForecastingLLaMA
8 Oct 2023TEMPO: Prompt-based Generative Pre-trained Transformer for Time Series ForecastingUniversity of Southern California, GoogleICLR'24GeneralForecastingGPT-2
12 Oct 2023Lag-Llama: Towards Foundation Models for Time Series ForecastingMorgan Stanley, ServiceNow, etc.NeurIPS'23 WorkshopGeneralForecastingLLaMA
15 Oct 2023UniTime: A Language-Empowered Unified Model for Cross-Domain Time Series ForecastingNational University of Singapore, The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyWWW'24GeneralForecastingGPT-2
20 Oct 2023SALMONN: Towards Generic Hearing Abilities for Large Language ModelsTsinghua University, ByteDanceICLR'24AudioASR, QA, etc.Vicuna
27 Oct 2023JoLT: Jointly Learned Representations of Language and Time-SeriesCMUNeurIPS'23 WorkshopHealthCaptioning, QAGPT-2, OPT
14 Nov 2023TENT: Connect Language Models with IoT Sensors for Zero-Shot Activity RecognitionNanyang Technological UniversityPreprintIoTClassificationCLIP
24 Nov 2023GATGPT: A Pre-trained Large Language Model with Graph Attention Network for Spatiotemporal ImputationUniversity of Technology SydneyPreprintGeneralImputationGPT-2
11 Dec 2023Multimodal Pretraining of Medical Time Series and NotesTexas A&M UniversityML4H'23HealthClassificationBERT
18 Jan 2024Spatial-Temporal Large Language Model for Traffic PredictionNanyang Technological University, Peking University, etc.PreprintTrafficForecastingGPT-2, LLaMA-2
25 Jan 2024How Can Large Language Models Understand Spatial-Temporal Data?Dalian University of TechnologyPreprintGeneralForecastingGPT-2
26 Jan 2024Large Language Model Guided Knowledge Distillation for Time Series Anomaly DetectionZhejiang UniversityPreprintGeneralAnomaly DetectionGPT-2
4 Feb 2024AutoTimes: Autoregressive Time Series Forecasters via Large Language ModelsTsinghua UniversityPreprintGeneralForecastingLLaMA, GPT-2, OPT
7 Feb 2024Multi-Patch Prediction: Adapting LLMs for Time Series Representation LearningThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tongji University, etc.PreprintGeneralForecasting, Anomaly DetectionGPT-2
9 Mar 2024S^2IP-LLM: Semantic Space Informed Prompt Learning with LLM for Time Series ForecastingUniversity of Connecticut, Morgan StanleyPreprintGeneralForecastingGPT-2
12 Mar 2024Taming Pre-trained LLMs for Generalised Time Series Forecasting via Cross-modal Knowledge DistillationTsinghua University, Shenzhen UniversityPreprintGeneralForecastingGPT-2
24 Mar 2024GPT4MTS: Prompt-Based Large Language Model for Multimodal Time-Series ForecastingUniversity of Southern CaliforniaAAAI'24FinanceForecastingGPT-2, BERT

Vision

DatePaperInstituteConferenceDomainTaskLLM
26 Oct 2022IMU2CLIP: Multimodal Contrastive Learning for IMU Motion Sensors from Egocentric Videos and TextMetaEMNLP'23 FindingsIoTClassification, RetrievalCLIP
17 Jan 2023Leveraging Vision-Language Models for Granular Market Change PredictionJohannes Kepler University Linz, Linz Institute of TechnologyAAAI'23 WorkshopFinanceForecastingCLIP
4 May 2023Generating Virtual On-body Accelerometer Data from Virtual Textual Descriptions for Human Activity RecognitionGeorgia Institute of TechnologyISWC'23IoTGenerationChatGPT
9 May 2023ImageBind: One Embedding Space To Bind Them AllMetaCVPR'23Audio, IoTClassification, RetrievalCLIP
25 May 2023PandaGPT: One Model To Instruction-Follow Them AllUniversity of Cambridge, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, etc.PreprintAudio, IoTQA, GenerationImageBind, Vicuna
27 Sep 2023AnyMAL: An Efficient and Scalable Any-Modality Augmented Language ModelMetaPreprintAudio, IoTGeneration, QA, etc.CLIP, LLaMA-2
27 Oct 2023Insight Miner: A Time Series Analysis Dataset for Cross-Domain Alignment with Natural LanguageUC Berkeley, Mineral, etc.NeurIPS'23 WorkshopGeneralGenerationLLaVA, GPT-4

Tool

DatePaperInstituteConferenceDomainTaskLLM
1 Jan 2023Unleashing the Power of Shared Label Structures for Human Activity RecognitionUC San Diego, AmazonCIKM'23IoTClassificationImageBind, GPT-4
10 Jun 2023Language-Guided Traffic Simulation via Scene-Level DiffusionColumbia University, NVIDIA ResearchCoRL'23TrafficGenerationGPT-4
31 Jul 2023ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIsTsinghua University, ModelBest Inc., etc.ICLR'24GeneralForecastingLLaMA
9 Oct 2023Integrating Stock Features and Global Information via Large Language Models for Enhanced Stock Return PredictionHithink RoyalFlush Information Network Co., Ltd.IJCAI'23FinanceForecastingLLaMA
30 Oct 2023GG-LLM: Geometrically Grounding Large Language Models for Zero-shot Human Activity Forecasting in Human-Aware Task PlanningSamsungPreprintIoTForecastingLLaMA
10 Feb 2024REALM: RAG-Driven Enhancement of Multimodal Electronic Health Records Analysis via Large Language ModelsBeihang University, China Mobile Research InstitutePreprintHealthClassificationBERT, BGE-M3, Qwen
6 Mar 2024K-Link: Knowledge-Link Graph from LLMs for Enhanced Representation Learning in Multivariate Time-Series DataInstitute for Infocomm Research, Nanyang Technological UniversityPreprintGeneralClassification, RegressionCLIP

Datasets

DatasetDomainModalitySizeTask
Ego4DAudio, IoTText, IMU, Video, Audio, 3D3, 670h data, 3.85M narrationsClassification, Forecasting, etc.
Ego-Exo4DAudio, IoTText, IMU, Video, Audio, Eye Gaze, Pose, 3D1,422h dataClassification, Translation, etc.
DeepSQAIoTText, IMU25h data, 91K questionsClassification, Question Answering
PIXIUFinanceText, Tables136K instruction dataNER, QA, Forecasting, etc.
MoATFinance, HealthText, Time Series6 datasets, 2K timesteps in totalForecasting
FNSPIDFinanceText, Time Series29.7M stock prices, 15.7M news recordsForecasting, Anomaly Detection, etc.
Zuco 2.0HealthText, Eye Tracking, EEG739 sentencesClassification, Generation
PTB-XLHealthText, ECG60h data, 71 unique statementsClassification
ECG-QAHealthText, ECG70 question templatesClassification, QA
OpenAQA-5MAudioText, Audio5.6M (audio, question, answer) tuplesTagging, Classification
MusicCapsAudioText, Music5.5K music clipsCaptioning, Generation
CommonVoiceAudioText, Speech7, 335 speech hours in 60 languagesASR, Translation

Citation

If you find this useful, please cite our paper: "Large Language Models for Time Series: A Survey"

@article{zhang2024large,
  title={Large Language Models for Time Series: A Survey},
  author={Zhang, Xiyuan and Chowdhury, Ranak Roy and Gupta, Rajesh K and Shang, Jingbo},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.01801},
  year={2024}
}

Contributors

xiyuanzh

29 commits

xiyuanzh/awesome-llm-time-series

tracking papers, datasets, and models of "large language model (LLM) for time series"

521

29 commits

updated Jul 26, 2024

See the code

README

awesome-llm-time-series

Tracking papers on "LLM for time series analysis", more details in Large Language Models for Time Series: A Survey.

[New🔥] Our survey paper is accepted to IJCAI 2024, survey track!

Left: Taxonomy of LLMs for time series analysis. If we outline typical LLM-driven NLP pipelines in five stages - input text, tokenization, embedding, LLM, output - then each category of our taxonomy targets one specific stage in this pipeline:

  • Prompting (input stage) treats time series data as raw text and directly prompts LLMs with time series;
  • Time Series Quantization (tokenization stage) discretizes time series as special tokens for LLMs to process;
  • Aligning (embedding stage) designs time series encoder to align time series embeddings with language space;
  • Vision as Bridge (LLM stage) connects time series with Vision-Lanuage Models (VLM) by employing visual representations as a bridge;
  • Tool Integration (output stage) adopts language models to output tools to benefit time series analysis.

Right: Representative works for each category, sorted by their publication dates. The use of arrows indicates that later works build upon earlier studies. Dark(light)-colored boxes represent billion(million)-parameter models. Icons to the left of the text boxes represent the application domains of domain-specific models.

Taxonomy

Prompting

DatePaperInstituteConferenceDomainTaskLLM
11 Sep 2022Leveraging Language Foundation Models for Human Mobility ForecastingUniversity of New South WalesSIGSPATIAL'22MobilityForecastingBERT, BoBERTa, GPT-2, etc.
20 Sep 2022PromptCast: A New Prompt-based Learning Paradigm for Time Series ForecastingUniversity of New South WalesTKDE'23GeneralForecastingBART, BigBird, RoBERTa, etc.
19 Oct 2022TabLLM: Few-shot Classification of Tabular Data with Large Language ModelsMIT, University of MünsterAISTATS'23TableClassificationT0, GPT-3
30 Mar 2023BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for FinanceBloomberg, Johns Hopkins UniversityPreprintFinanceSentiment Analysis, NER, QA, etc.BloombergGPT
10 Apr 2023The Wall Street Neophyte: A Zero-Shot Analysis of ChatGPT Over MultiModal Stock Movement Prediction ChallengesWuhan University, Southwest Jiaotong University, etc.PreprintFinanceForecastingChatGPT
24 May 2023Large Language Models are Few-Shot Health LearnersGooglePreprintHealthClassification, RegressionPaLM
10 Jul 2023Large Language Models as General Pattern MachinesStanford University, Google DeepMind, etc.CoRL'23GeneralForecasting, Translation, etc.GPT-3, PaLM
29 Aug 2023Where Would I Go Next? Large Language Models as Human Mobility PredictorsUniversity College London, University of LiverpoolPreprintMobilityForecastingGPT-3.5
7 Oct 2023Large Language Models for Spatial Trajectory Patterns MiningEmory UniversityPreprintMobilityAnomaly DetectionGPT-3.5, GPT-4, Claude-2
11 Oct 2023Large Language Models Are Zero-Shot Time Series ForecastersNYU, CMUNeurIPS'23GeneralForecastingGPT-3, LLaMA-2
26 Oct 2023Utilizing Language Models for Energy Load ForecastingUniversity of New South WalesBuildSys'23EnergyForecastingBART, Bigbird, Pegasus
16 Feb 2024Time Series Forecasting with LLMs: Understanding and Enhancing Model CapabilitiesRutgers University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, etc.PreprintGeneralForecastingGPT-3.5, GPT-4, LLaMA-2
25 Feb 2024LSTPrompt: Large Language Models as Zero-Shot Time Series Forecasters by Long-Short-Term PromptingGeorgia Institute of Technology, Microsoft Research AsiaPreprintGeneralForecastingGPT-3.5, GPT-4
2 Mar 2024Evaluating Large Language Models as Virtual Annotators for Time-series Physical Sensing DataIndian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Nokia Bell LabsPreprintIoTClassificationGPT-4

Quantization

Left: VQ-VAE based quantization

Right: K-Means based quantization

DatePaperInstituteConferenceDomainTaskLLM
7 Sep 2022AudioLM: a Language Modeling Approach to Audio GenerationGooglePreprintAudioGenerationw2v-BERT
30 Sep 2022AudioGen: Textually Guided Audio GenerationMeta, The Hebrew University of JerusalemICLR'23AudioGenerationTransformer
9 Mar 2023Text-to-ECG: 12-Lead Electrocardiogram Synthesis conditioned on Clinical Text ReportsKAIST, Medical AI Inc., etc.ICASSP'23HealthGenerationTransformer
18 May 2023SpeechGPT: Empowering Large Language Models with Intrinsic Cross-Modal Conversational AbilitiesFudan UniversityEMNLP'23 FindingsAudioGeneration, TranslationLLaMA
25 May 2023VioLA: Unified Codec Language Models for Speech Recognition, Synthesis, and TranslationMicrosoftPreprintAudioGeneration, TranslationTransformer
19 Jun 2023Temporal Data Meets LLM -- Explainable Financial Time Series ForecastingAmazonPreprintFinanceForecastingGPT-4, Open LLaMA
22 Jun 2023AudioPaLM: A Large Language Model That Can Speak and ListenGooglePreprintAudioGeneration, TranslationPaLM-2
15 Sept 2023Modeling Time Series as Text Sequence A Frequency-vectorization Transformer for Time Series ForecastingAnonymousOpenReviewGeneralForecastingTransformer
22 Sept 2023Time Series Modeling at Scale: A Universal Representation Across Tasks and DomainsAnonymousOpenReviewGeneralForecasting, Classification, etc.Transformer
25 Sep 2023DeWave: Discrete EEG Waves Encoding for Brain Dynamics to Text TranslationUniversity of Technology Sydney, The University of SydneyNeurIPS'23HealthGenerationBART
1 Oct 2023UniAudio: An Audio Foundation Model Toward Universal Audio GenerationThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, CMU, etc.PreprintAudioGenerationTransformer
12 Mar 2024Chronos: Learning the Language of Time SeriesAmazon Web Services, UC San Diego, etc.PreprintGeneralForecastingT5
19 Mar 2024Advancing Time Series Classification with Multimodal Language ModelingUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaPreprintGeneralClassificationGPT-2
19 Mar 2024Learning Transferable Time Series Classifier with Cross-Domain Pre-training from Language ModelUniversity of Science and Technology of China, Kuaishou TechnologyPreprintGeneralClassificationBERT, GPT-2

Aligning

Left: Aligning by similarity matching

Right: Aligning with large language models as backbones, where the output could be time series (e.g., forecasting) or text (e.g., EEG-to-text) depending on the downstream tasks.

DatePaperInstituteConferenceDomainTaskLLM
5 Dec 2021Open Vocabulary Electroencephalography-To-Text Decoding and Zero-shot Sentiment ClassificationUIUCAAAI'22HealthTranslation, ClassificationBART
29 Mar 2022WAVPROMPT: Towards Few-Shot Spoken Language Understanding with Frozen Language ModelsUIUC, MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab, etc.PreprintAudioClassificationGPT-2
10 Aug 2022Can Brain Signals Reveal Inner Alignment with Human Languages?CMU, MIT, etc.EMNLP'23 FindingsHealthSentiment Analysis, Relation DetectionBERT
21 Jan 2023Transfer Knowledge from Natural Language to Electrocardiography: Can We Detect Cardiovascular Disease Through Language Models?CMU, Allegheny General Hospital, etc.EACL'23 FindingsHealthGeneration, ClassificationBERT, BART
23 Feb 2023One Fits All:Power General Time Series Analysis by Pretrained LMAlibabaNeurIPS'23GeneralForecasting, Classification, etc.GPT-2
18 May 2023Listen, Think, and UnderstandMIT, MIT-IBM Watson AI LabICLR'24AudioClassification, CaptioningVicuna
16 Aug 2023TEST: Text Prototype Aligned Embedding to Activate LLM's Ability for Time SeriesPeking University, Alibaba GroupICLR'24GeneralForecasting, ClassificationBERT, GPT-2, ChatGLM, etc.
16 Aug 2023LLM4TS: Aligning Pre-Trained LLMs as Data-Efficient Time-Series ForecastersNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityPreprintGeneralForecastingGPT-2
22 Aug 2023Music Understanding LLaMA: Advancing Text-to-Music Generation with Question Answering and CaptioningTencent, National University of SingaporePreprintAudioQA, CaptioningLLaMA
6 Sep 2023ETP: Learning Transferable ECG Representations via ECG-Text Pre-trainingImperial College London, The Ohio State UniversityPreprintHealthClassificationBioClinicalBERT
19 Sep 2023End-to-End Speech Recognition Contextualization with Large Language ModelsMetaPreprintAudioASRLLaMA
3 Oct 2023Time-LLM: Time Series Forecasting by Reprogramming Large Language ModelsMonash University, Ant Group, etc.ICLR'24GeneralForecastingLLaMA
8 Oct 2023TEMPO: Prompt-based Generative Pre-trained Transformer for Time Series ForecastingUniversity of Southern California, GoogleICLR'24GeneralForecastingGPT-2
12 Oct 2023Lag-Llama: Towards Foundation Models for Time Series ForecastingMorgan Stanley, ServiceNow, etc.NeurIPS'23 WorkshopGeneralForecastingLLaMA
15 Oct 2023UniTime: A Language-Empowered Unified Model for Cross-Domain Time Series ForecastingNational University of Singapore, The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyWWW'24GeneralForecastingGPT-2
20 Oct 2023SALMONN: Towards Generic Hearing Abilities for Large Language ModelsTsinghua University, ByteDanceICLR'24AudioASR, QA, etc.Vicuna
27 Oct 2023JoLT: Jointly Learned Representations of Language and Time-SeriesCMUNeurIPS'23 WorkshopHealthCaptioning, QAGPT-2, OPT
14 Nov 2023TENT: Connect Language Models with IoT Sensors for Zero-Shot Activity RecognitionNanyang Technological UniversityPreprintIoTClassificationCLIP
24 Nov 2023GATGPT: A Pre-trained Large Language Model with Graph Attention Network for Spatiotemporal ImputationUniversity of Technology SydneyPreprintGeneralImputationGPT-2
11 Dec 2023Multimodal Pretraining of Medical Time Series and NotesTexas A&M UniversityML4H'23HealthClassificationBERT
18 Jan 2024Spatial-Temporal Large Language Model for Traffic PredictionNanyang Technological University, Peking University, etc.PreprintTrafficForecastingGPT-2, LLaMA-2
25 Jan 2024How Can Large Language Models Understand Spatial-Temporal Data?Dalian University of TechnologyPreprintGeneralForecastingGPT-2
26 Jan 2024Large Language Model Guided Knowledge Distillation for Time Series Anomaly DetectionZhejiang UniversityPreprintGeneralAnomaly DetectionGPT-2
4 Feb 2024AutoTimes: Autoregressive Time Series Forecasters via Large Language ModelsTsinghua UniversityPreprintGeneralForecastingLLaMA, GPT-2, OPT
7 Feb 2024Multi-Patch Prediction: Adapting LLMs for Time Series Representation LearningThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tongji University, etc.PreprintGeneralForecasting, Anomaly DetectionGPT-2
9 Mar 2024S^2IP-LLM: Semantic Space Informed Prompt Learning with LLM for Time Series ForecastingUniversity of Connecticut, Morgan StanleyPreprintGeneralForecastingGPT-2
12 Mar 2024Taming Pre-trained LLMs for Generalised Time Series Forecasting via Cross-modal Knowledge DistillationTsinghua University, Shenzhen UniversityPreprintGeneralForecastingGPT-2
24 Mar 2024GPT4MTS: Prompt-Based Large Language Model for Multimodal Time-Series ForecastingUniversity of Southern CaliforniaAAAI'24FinanceForecastingGPT-2, BERT

Vision

DatePaperInstituteConferenceDomainTaskLLM
26 Oct 2022IMU2CLIP: Multimodal Contrastive Learning for IMU Motion Sensors from Egocentric Videos and TextMetaEMNLP'23 FindingsIoTClassification, RetrievalCLIP
17 Jan 2023Leveraging Vision-Language Models for Granular Market Change PredictionJohannes Kepler University Linz, Linz Institute of TechnologyAAAI'23 WorkshopFinanceForecastingCLIP
4 May 2023Generating Virtual On-body Accelerometer Data from Virtual Textual Descriptions for Human Activity RecognitionGeorgia Institute of TechnologyISWC'23IoTGenerationChatGPT
9 May 2023ImageBind: One Embedding Space To Bind Them AllMetaCVPR'23Audio, IoTClassification, RetrievalCLIP
25 May 2023PandaGPT: One Model To Instruction-Follow Them AllUniversity of Cambridge, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, etc.PreprintAudio, IoTQA, GenerationImageBind, Vicuna
27 Sep 2023AnyMAL: An Efficient and Scalable Any-Modality Augmented Language ModelMetaPreprintAudio, IoTGeneration, QA, etc.CLIP, LLaMA-2
27 Oct 2023Insight Miner: A Time Series Analysis Dataset for Cross-Domain Alignment with Natural LanguageUC Berkeley, Mineral, etc.NeurIPS'23 WorkshopGeneralGenerationLLaVA, GPT-4

Tool

DatePaperInstituteConferenceDomainTaskLLM
1 Jan 2023Unleashing the Power of Shared Label Structures for Human Activity RecognitionUC San Diego, AmazonCIKM'23IoTClassificationImageBind, GPT-4
10 Jun 2023Language-Guided Traffic Simulation via Scene-Level DiffusionColumbia University, NVIDIA ResearchCoRL'23TrafficGenerationGPT-4
31 Jul 2023ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIsTsinghua University, ModelBest Inc., etc.ICLR'24GeneralForecastingLLaMA
9 Oct 2023Integrating Stock Features and Global Information via Large Language Models for Enhanced Stock Return PredictionHithink RoyalFlush Information Network Co., Ltd.IJCAI'23FinanceForecastingLLaMA
30 Oct 2023GG-LLM: Geometrically Grounding Large Language Models for Zero-shot Human Activity Forecasting in Human-Aware Task PlanningSamsungPreprintIoTForecastingLLaMA
10 Feb 2024REALM: RAG-Driven Enhancement of Multimodal Electronic Health Records Analysis via Large Language ModelsBeihang University, China Mobile Research InstitutePreprintHealthClassificationBERT, BGE-M3, Qwen
6 Mar 2024K-Link: Knowledge-Link Graph from LLMs for Enhanced Representation Learning in Multivariate Time-Series DataInstitute for Infocomm Research, Nanyang Technological UniversityPreprintGeneralClassification, RegressionCLIP

Datasets

DatasetDomainModalitySizeTask
Ego4DAudio, IoTText, IMU, Video, Audio, 3D3, 670h data, 3.85M narrationsClassification, Forecasting, etc.
Ego-Exo4DAudio, IoTText, IMU, Video, Audio, Eye Gaze, Pose, 3D1,422h dataClassification, Translation, etc.
DeepSQAIoTText, IMU25h data, 91K questionsClassification, Question Answering
PIXIUFinanceText, Tables136K instruction dataNER, QA, Forecasting, etc.
MoATFinance, HealthText, Time Series6 datasets, 2K timesteps in totalForecasting
FNSPIDFinanceText, Time Series29.7M stock prices, 15.7M news recordsForecasting, Anomaly Detection, etc.
Zuco 2.0HealthText, Eye Tracking, EEG739 sentencesClassification, Generation
PTB-XLHealthText, ECG60h data, 71 unique statementsClassification
ECG-QAHealthText, ECG70 question templatesClassification, QA
OpenAQA-5MAudioText, Audio5.6M (audio, question, answer) tuplesTagging, Classification
MusicCapsAudioText, Music5.5K music clipsCaptioning, Generation
CommonVoiceAudioText, Speech7, 335 speech hours in 60 languagesASR, Translation

Citation

If you find this useful, please cite our paper: "Large Language Models for Time Series: A Survey"

@article{zhang2024large,
  title={Large Language Models for Time Series: A Survey},
  author={Zhang, Xiyuan and Chowdhury, Ranak Roy and Gupta, Rajesh K and Shang, Jingbo},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.01801},
  year={2024}
}

Contributors

xiyuanzh

29 commits