Our Swallow-MS-7b-v0.1 model has undergone continual pre-training from the Mistral-7B-v0.1, primarily with the addition of Japanese language data.
We are excited to share the release schedule for our latest models:

This repository provides large language models developed by TokyoTech-LLM.
We report overall (i.e., average over scores of the first and second turns), first, and second turn scores.
| Model | Average | Writing | Roleplay | Reasoning | Math | Coding | Extraction | STEM | Humanities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swallow-MS-7b-instruct-v0.1 | 0.3411 | 0.3770 | 0.4290 | 0.3454 | 0.1040 | 0.2400 | 0.3677 | 0.3907 | 0.4750 |
| Model | Average | Writing | Roleplay | Reasoning | Math | Coding | Extraction | STEM | Humanities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swallow-MS-7b-instruct-v0.1 | 0.3699 | 0.4880 | 0.4260 | 0.3900 | 0.1080 | 0.2364 | 0.3780 | 0.4500 | 0.4800 |
| Model | Average | Writing | Roleplay | Reasoning | Math | Coding | Extraction | STEM | Humanities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swallow-MS-7b-instruct-v0.1 | 0.3130 | 0.2624 | 0.4320 | 0.2996 | 0.1000 | 0.2430 | 0.3564 | 0.3291 | 0.4700 |
We only provide the overall score in this section.
| Model | Average | Writing | Roleplay | Reasoning | Math | Coding | Extraction | STEM | Humanities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swallow-MS-7b-instruct-v0.1 | 0.3411 | 0.3770 | 0.4290 | 0.3454 | 0.1040 | 0.2400 | 0.3677 | 0.3907 | 0.4750 |
| ELYZA-japanese-Llama-2-7b-fast-instruct | 0.2827 | 0.3289 | 0.3907 | 0.2424 | 0.1480 | 0.1584 | 0.3511 | 0.3053 | 0.3365 |
| calm2-7b-chat | 0.3204 | 0.4657 | 0.4898 | 0.1837 | 0.1005 | 0.1414 | 0.3927 | 0.3601 | 0.4293 |
| calm2-7b-chat-dpo-experimental | 0.3493 | 0.5312 | 0.5237 | 0.1857 | 0.1000 | 0.1813 | 0.3355 | 0.4320 | 0.5051 |
| RakutenAI-7B-instruct | 0.2994 | 0.3623 | 0.3711 | 0.3333 | 0.1763 | 0.1581 | 0.4215 | 0.2824 | 0.2901 |
| RakutenAI-7B-chat | 0.3667 | 0.4229 | 0.4644 | 0.3990 | 0.2161 | 0.2390 | 0.3416 | 0.3904 | 0.4601 |
We used Japanese MT-Bench to assess the instruction-following capabilities of models. We utilized the following settings:
gpt-4-1106-previewFirst install additional dependencies in requirements.txt:
pip install -r requirements.txt
This format must be adhered to strictly, as deviations may result in less optimal outputs from the model.
The template used to construct a prompt for the Instruct model is specified as follows:
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>\n{SYSTEM_PROMPT}\n<</SYS>>\n\n{USER_MESSAGE_1} [/INST] {BOT_MESSAGE_1}</s>[INST] {USER_MESSAGE_2} [/INST]
Please be aware that <s> and </s> are special tokens used for the beginning of string (BOS) and end of string (EOS), respectively, while [INST] and [/INST] are considered regular strings.
For the "{SYSTEM_PROMPT}" part, We recommend using "あなたは誠実で優秀な日本人のアシスタントです。"
For the "{USER_MESSAGE_1}" part, We recommend using {instruction}\n{input}
In other words, We recommend the following:
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>\nあなたは誠実で優秀な日本人のアシスタントです。\n<</SYS>>\n\n{instruction1}\n{input1} [/INST] {BOT_MESSAGE_1}</s>[INST] {instruction2}\n{input2} [/INST]
import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
model_name = "tokyotech-llm/Swallow-MS-7b-instruct-v0.1"
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_name, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, device_map="auto")
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
device = "cuda"
messages = [
{"role": "system", "content": "あなたは誠実で優秀な日本人のアシスタントです。"},
{"role": "user", "content": "東京工業大学の主なキャンパスについて教えてください"}
]
encodeds = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, return_tensors="pt")
model_inputs = encodeds.to(device)
model.to(device)
generated_ids = model.generate(model_inputs, max_new_tokens=128, do_sample=True)
decoded = tokenizer.batch_decode(generated_ids)
print(decoded[0])
The following datasets were used for the instruction tuning.
Please note that some of the data had issues with quality or format, so not all of it was used.
The models released here are still in the early stages of our research and development and have not been tuned to ensure outputs align with human intent and safety considerations.
We thank Mistral AI for releasing Mistral 7B v0.1 under an open license for others to build on.
Our project is supported by the ABCI Large-scale Language Model Building Support Program of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology.
apache-2.0
Here are the team members:
If you find our work helpful, please feel free to cite us.
@inproceedings{Fujii:COLM2024,
title={Continual Pre-Training for Cross-Lingual LLM Adaptation:
Enhancing Japanese Language Capabilities},
author={Kazuki Fujii and Taishi Nakamura and Mengsay Loem and Hiroki
Iida and Masanari Ohi and Kakeru Hattori and Hirai Shota and Sakae
Mizuki and Rio Yokota and Naoaki Okazaki},
booktitle="Proceedings of the First Conference on Language Modeling",
series={COLM},
pages="(to appear)",
year="2024",
month=oct,
address={University of Pennsylvania, USA},
}
@inproceedings{Okazaki:COLM2024,
title={Building a Large Japanese Web Corpus for Large Language Models},
author={Naoaki Okazaki and Kakeru Hattori and Hirai Shota and Hiroki
Iida and Masanari Ohi and Kazuki Fujii and Taishi Nakamura and Mengsay
Loem and Rio Yokota and Sakae Mizuki},
booktitle="Proceedings of the First Conference on Language Modeling",
series={COLM},
pages="(to appear)",
year="2024",
month=oct,
address={University of Pennsylvania, USA},
}
Our Swallow-MS-7b-v0.1 model has undergone continual pre-training from the Mistral-7B-v0.1, primarily with the addition of Japanese language data.
We are excited to share the release schedule for our latest models:

This repository provides large language models developed by TokyoTech-LLM.
We report overall (i.e., average over scores of the first and second turns), first, and second turn scores.
| Model | Average | Writing | Roleplay | Reasoning | Math | Coding | Extraction | STEM | Humanities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swallow-MS-7b-instruct-v0.1 | 0.3411 | 0.3770 | 0.4290 | 0.3454 | 0.1040 | 0.2400 | 0.3677 | 0.3907 | 0.4750 |
| Model | Average | Writing | Roleplay | Reasoning | Math | Coding | Extraction | STEM | Humanities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swallow-MS-7b-instruct-v0.1 | 0.3699 | 0.4880 | 0.4260 | 0.3900 | 0.1080 | 0.2364 | 0.3780 | 0.4500 | 0.4800 |
| Model | Average | Writing | Roleplay | Reasoning | Math | Coding | Extraction | STEM | Humanities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swallow-MS-7b-instruct-v0.1 | 0.3130 | 0.2624 | 0.4320 | 0.2996 | 0.1000 | 0.2430 | 0.3564 | 0.3291 | 0.4700 |
We only provide the overall score in this section.
| Model | Average | Writing | Roleplay | Reasoning | Math | Coding | Extraction | STEM | Humanities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swallow-MS-7b-instruct-v0.1 | 0.3411 | 0.3770 | 0.4290 | 0.3454 | 0.1040 | 0.2400 | 0.3677 | 0.3907 | 0.4750 |
| ELYZA-japanese-Llama-2-7b-fast-instruct | 0.2827 | 0.3289 | 0.3907 | 0.2424 | 0.1480 | 0.1584 | 0.3511 | 0.3053 | 0.3365 |
| calm2-7b-chat | 0.3204 | 0.4657 | 0.4898 | 0.1837 | 0.1005 | 0.1414 | 0.3927 | 0.3601 | 0.4293 |
| calm2-7b-chat-dpo-experimental | 0.3493 | 0.5312 | 0.5237 | 0.1857 | 0.1000 | 0.1813 | 0.3355 | 0.4320 | 0.5051 |
| RakutenAI-7B-instruct | 0.2994 | 0.3623 | 0.3711 | 0.3333 | 0.1763 | 0.1581 | 0.4215 | 0.2824 | 0.2901 |
| RakutenAI-7B-chat | 0.3667 | 0.4229 | 0.4644 | 0.3990 | 0.2161 | 0.2390 | 0.3416 | 0.3904 | 0.4601 |
We used Japanese MT-Bench to assess the instruction-following capabilities of models. We utilized the following settings:
gpt-4-1106-previewFirst install additional dependencies in requirements.txt:
pip install -r requirements.txt
This format must be adhered to strictly, as deviations may result in less optimal outputs from the model.
The template used to construct a prompt for the Instruct model is specified as follows:
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>\n{SYSTEM_PROMPT}\n<</SYS>>\n\n{USER_MESSAGE_1} [/INST] {BOT_MESSAGE_1}</s>[INST] {USER_MESSAGE_2} [/INST]
Please be aware that <s> and </s> are special tokens used for the beginning of string (BOS) and end of string (EOS), respectively, while [INST] and [/INST] are considered regular strings.
For the "{SYSTEM_PROMPT}" part, We recommend using "あなたは誠実で優秀な日本人のアシスタントです。"
For the "{USER_MESSAGE_1}" part, We recommend using {instruction}\n{input}
In other words, We recommend the following:
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>\nあなたは誠実で優秀な日本人のアシスタントです。\n<</SYS>>\n\n{instruction1}\n{input1} [/INST] {BOT_MESSAGE_1}</s>[INST] {instruction2}\n{input2} [/INST]
import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
model_name = "tokyotech-llm/Swallow-MS-7b-instruct-v0.1"
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_name, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, device_map="auto")
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
device = "cuda"
messages = [
{"role": "system", "content": "あなたは誠実で優秀な日本人のアシスタントです。"},
{"role": "user", "content": "東京工業大学の主なキャンパスについて教えてください"}
]
encodeds = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, return_tensors="pt")
model_inputs = encodeds.to(device)
model.to(device)
generated_ids = model.generate(model_inputs, max_new_tokens=128, do_sample=True)
decoded = tokenizer.batch_decode(generated_ids)
print(decoded[0])
The following datasets were used for the instruction tuning.
Please note that some of the data had issues with quality or format, so not all of it was used.
The models released here are still in the early stages of our research and development and have not been tuned to ensure outputs align with human intent and safety considerations.
We thank Mistral AI for releasing Mistral 7B v0.1 under an open license for others to build on.
Our project is supported by the ABCI Large-scale Language Model Building Support Program of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology.
apache-2.0
Here are the team members:
If you find our work helpful, please feel free to cite us.
@inproceedings{Fujii:COLM2024,
title={Continual Pre-Training for Cross-Lingual LLM Adaptation:
Enhancing Japanese Language Capabilities},
author={Kazuki Fujii and Taishi Nakamura and Mengsay Loem and Hiroki
Iida and Masanari Ohi and Kakeru Hattori and Hirai Shota and Sakae
Mizuki and Rio Yokota and Naoaki Okazaki},
booktitle="Proceedings of the First Conference on Language Modeling",
series={COLM},
pages="(to appear)",
year="2024",
month=oct,
address={University of Pennsylvania, USA},
}
@inproceedings{Okazaki:COLM2024,
title={Building a Large Japanese Web Corpus for Large Language Models},
author={Naoaki Okazaki and Kakeru Hattori and Hirai Shota and Hiroki
Iida and Masanari Ohi and Kazuki Fujii and Taishi Nakamura and Mengsay
Loem and Rio Yokota and Sakae Mizuki},
booktitle="Proceedings of the First Conference on Language Modeling",
series={COLM},
pages="(to appear)",
year="2024",
month=oct,
address={University of Pennsylvania, USA},
}