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📑 Table of Contents

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🏢 Key Organizations

Research labs and institutions driving Arabic NLP forward.

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🏆 Benchmarks & Leaderboards

Standardized evaluation frameworks for Arabic language models.

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🤖 State-of-the-Art Models

💬 Large Language Models (LLMs)

Arabic-centric and multilingual LLMs with strong Arabic capabilities.

🌐 Multimodal Models

🧠 Transformer-based Models

🔤 Embedding Models

🎯 Task-Specific Models

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🎙️ Audio Models

🗣️ Speech Recognition (ASR)

🔊 Text-to-Speech (TTS)

📊 Arabic TTS Datasets & Benchmarks

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👁️ Vision Models

📖 Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

🔧 Traditional OCR Tools (Arabic Support)

📊 Arabic OCR Datasets & Benchmarks

🖼️ Image Captioning

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✏️ Diacritization (Tashkeel)

Models and tools for adding harakat (حركات) to Arabic text.

Models

Datasets

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🗣️ Dialect Identification

Resources for identifying and classifying Arabic dialects.

Shared Tasks

Datasets

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📊 Key Datasets

📝 Text Datasets

🎤 Speech Datasets

🖼️ Vision & Multimodal Datasets

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🔧 Essential Tools & Libraries

⚙️ Toolkits & Preprocessing

📚 Specialized Libraries

🌍 Translation

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📄 Research Papers & Conferences

🎤 Conferences & Workshops

📖 Foundational & Survey Papers

1. The Landscape of Arabic Large Language Models (2025) [1]
2. AraBERT: Transformer-based Model for Arabic Language Understanding (Antoun et al., 2020) [2]
3. The Interplay of Variant, Size, and Task Type in Arabic Pre-trained Language Models (Inoue et al., 2021) [3]
4. ARBERT & MARBERT: Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Arabic (Abdul-Mageed et al., 2021) [4]
5. Jais and Jais-chat: Arabic-Centric Foundation and Instruction-Tuned LLMs (Sengupta et al., 2023) [5]
6. Wojood: Nested Arabic Named Entity Corpus and Recognition (Jarrar et al., 2022) [6]
7. Deep Learning for Arabic NLP: A Survey (Al-Ayyoub et al., 2018) [7]
8. Evaluating Arabic LLMs: A Survey of Benchmarks, Methods, and Gaps (Alzubaidi et al., 2025) [8]

🆕 Recent Papers (2024-2025)

• Swan and ArabicMTEB — Dialect-Aware, Cross-Lingual Language Understanding (Bhatia et al., 2024) [9]
• GATE — General Arabic Text Embedding for Enhanced STS (Nacar et al., 2025) [10]
• A Survey of LLMs for Arabic Language and its Dialects (Mashaabi et al., 2024) [11]
• Hate speech detection in Arabic — corpus design and evaluation (2024) [12]
• NADI 2024 — Fifth Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification Shared Task (2024) [13]
• CATT — Character-based Arabic Tashkeel Transformer (2024) [14]
• ArabianGPT — Native Arabic GPT-based LLM (2024) [15]
• SambaLingo — Teaching LLMs New Languages (2024) [16]
• SaudiBERT — BERT Pretrained on Saudi Dialect Corpora (2024) [17]
• ALLaM — Large Language Models for Arabic and English (SDAIA & IBM, 2024) [18]
• EgyBERT — BERT Pretrained on Egyptian Dialect Corpora (2024) [19]

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🎓 Tutorials & Learning Resources

🏫 Academic Programs

💻 Online Resources

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🏛️ Research Institutions

Academic and government research labs driving Arabic NLP innovation.

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🏭 Companies & Startups

Companies and organizations building Arabic AI/NLP products and services.

🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates

🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia

💡 Saudi Arabia's AI ecosystem: Saudi Arabia leads Arabic LLM development with 53+ Arabic language models identified by Q1 2025. Key initiatives include HUMAIN ($5B+ AWS partnership, NVIDIA AI factories), Vision 2030 AI Strategy (targeting 20,000 AI specialists, 300+ AI startups, $20B investment), and SDAIA Academy/SAMAI (training 1M citizens in AI).

🇪🇬 Egypt

💡 Egypt's AI ecosystem: Egypt unveiled Karnak, its national LLM (30-80B params, highest-ranking Arabic LLM in its class), and launched the National AI Strategy 2025-2030 targeting $42.7B in AI economic value, 30,000 AI specialists, and 250+ AI startups. Karnak powers SIA (AI education tutor), AcQua (NLP call auditing), BelMasry (colloquial Arabic NLP engines), and Torgoman (specialized translation).

🌍 International (with Arabic focus)

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📚 Awesome Lists

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🤝 Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please open an issue or submit a pull request to add new resources or update existing ones.

1. Fork the repository
2. Add your resource in the appropriate section
3. Ensure links are valid and descriptions are concise
4. Submit a pull request

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📜 License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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📑 References

[1] The Landscape of Arabic Large Language Models. (2025). arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.01340. https://arxiv.org/html/2506.01340v1

[2] Antoun, W., Baly, F., & Hajj, H. (2020). AraBERT: Transformer-based Model for Arabic Language Understanding. OSACT. https://aclanthology.org/2020.osact-1.2/

[3] Inoue, G., et al. (2021). The Interplay of Variant, Size, and Task Type in Arabic Pre-trained Language Models. WANLP. https://aclanthology.org/2021.wanlp-1.10/

[4] Abdul-Mageed, M., et al. (2021). ARBERT & MARBERT: Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Arabic. ACL. https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.551/

[5] Sengupta, N., et al. (2023). Jais and Jais-chat. arXiv:2308.16149. https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.16149

[6] Jarrar, M., et al. (2022). Wojood: Nested Arabic Named Entity Corpus. arXiv:2205.09651. https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.09651

[7] Al-Ayyoub, M., et al. (2018). Deep learning for Arabic NLP: A survey. Journal of Computational Science, 26. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877750317303757

[8] Alzubaidi, A., et al. (2025). Evaluating Arabic LLMs: Benchmarks, Methods, and Gaps. arXiv:2510.13430. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.13430

[9] Bhatia, G., et al. (2024). Swan and ArabicMTEB. arXiv:2411.01192. https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.01192

[10] Nacar, O., et al. (2025). GATE: General Arabic Text Embedding. arXiv:2505.24581. https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.24581

[11] Mashaabi, M., et al. (2024). A Survey of LLMs for Arabic. arXiv:2410.20238. https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.20238

[12] Hate speech detection in Arabic. (2024). Frontiers in AI. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2024.1345445/full

[13] NADI 2024: Fifth Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification. (2024). ArabicNLP. https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.04910

[14] CATT: Character-based Arabic Tashkeel Transformer. (2024). arXiv:2407.03236. https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.03236

[15] ArabianGPT: Native Arabic GPT-based LLM. (2024). arXiv:2402.15313. https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.15313

[16] SambaLingo: Teaching LLMs New Languages. (2024). arXiv:2404.05829. https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.05829

[17] SaudiBERT: A Large Language Model Pretrained on Saudi Dialect Corpora. (2024). arXiv:2405.06239. https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.06239

[18] ALLaM: Large Language Models for Arabic and English. (2024). arXiv:2407.15390. https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.15390

[19] EgyBERT: A Large Language Model Pretrained on Egyptian Dialect Corpora. (2024). arXiv:2408.03524. https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.03524

[20] Multilingual E5 Text Embeddings: A Technical Report. (2024). arXiv:2402.05672. https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.05672

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