IPy - class and tools for handling of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and networks.

Website: https://github.com/autocracy/python-ipy/

Presentation of the API
=======================

The IP class allows a comfortable parsing and handling for most
notations in use for IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and networks. It was
greatly inspired by RIPE's Perl module NET::IP's interface but
doesn't share the implementation. It doesn't share non-CIDR netmasks,
so funky stuff like a netmask of 0xffffff0f can't be done here. ::

    >>> from IPy import IP
    >>> ip = IP('127.0.0.0/30')
    >>> for x in ip:
    ...  print(x)
    ...
    127.0.0.0
    127.0.0.1
    127.0.0.2
    127.0.0.3
    >>> ip2 = IP('0x7f000000/30')
    >>> ip == ip2
    1
    >>> ip.reverseNames()
    ['0.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.', '1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.', '2.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.', '3.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.']
    >>> ip.reverseName()
    '0-3.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.'
    >>> ip.iptype()
    'LOOPBACK'


Supports most IP address formats
================================

It can detect about a dozen different ways of expressing IP addresses
and networks, parse them and distinguish between IPv4 and IPv6 addresses: ::

    >>> IP('10.0.0.0/8').version()
    4
    >>> IP('::1').version()
    6

IPv4 addresses
--------------

::

    >>> print(IP(0x7f000001))
    127.0.0.1
    >>> print(IP('0x7f000001'))
    127.0.0.1
    >>> print(IP('127.0.0.1'))
    127.0.0.1
    >>> print(IP('10'))
    10.0.0.0

IPv6 addresses
--------------

::

    >>> print(IP('1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A'))
    1080::8:800:200c:417a
    >>> print(IP('1080::8:800:200C:417A'))
    1080::8:800:200c:417a
    >>> print(IP('::1'))
    ::1
    >>> print(IP('::13.1.68.3'))
    ::d01:4403

Network mask and prefixes
-------------------------

::

    >>> print(IP('127.0.0.0/8'))
    127.0.0.0/8
    >>> print(IP('127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0'))
    127.0.0.0/8
    >>> print(IP('127.0.0.0-127.255.255.255'))
    127.0.0.0/8


Derive network address
===========================

IPy can transform an IP address into a network address by applying the given
netmask: ::

    >>> print(IP('127.0.0.1/255.0.0.0', make_net=True))
    127.0.0.0/8

This can also be done for existing IP instances: ::

    >>> print(IP('127.0.0.1').make_net('255.0.0.0'))
    127.0.0.0/8


Convert address to string
=========================

Nearly all class methods which return a string have an optional
parameter 'wantprefixlen' which controls if the prefixlen or netmask
is printed. Per default the prefilen is always shown if the network
contains more than one address: ::

    wantprefixlen == 0 / None     don't return anything   1.2.3.0
    wantprefixlen == 1            /prefix                 1.2.3.0/24
    wantprefixlen == 2            /netmask                1.2.3.0/255.255.255.0
    wantprefixlen == 3            -lastip                 1.2.3.0-1.2.3.255

You can also change the defaults on an per-object basis by fiddling with
the class members:

- NoPrefixForSingleIp
- WantPrefixLen

Examples of string conversions: ::

    >>> IP('10.0.0.0/32').strNormal()
    '10.0.0.0'
    >>> IP('10.0.0.0/24').strNormal()
    '10.0.0.0/24'
    >>> IP('10.0.0.0/24').strNormal(0)
    '10.0.0.0'
    >>> IP('10.0.0.0/24').strNormal(1)
    '10.0.0.0/24'
    >>> IP('10.0.0.0/24').strNormal(2)
    '10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0'
    >>> IP('10.0.0.0/24').strNormal(3)
    '10.0.0.0-10.0.0.255'
    >>> ip = IP('10.0.0.0')
    >>> print(ip)
    10.0.0.0
    >>> ip.NoPrefixForSingleIp = None
    >>> print(ip)
    10.0.0.0/32
    >>> ip.WantPrefixLen = 3
    >>> print(ip)
    10.0.0.0-10.0.0.0

Work with multiple networks
===========================

Simple addition of neighboring netblocks that can be aggregated will yield
a parent network of both, but more complex range mapping and aggregation
requires is available with the ``IPSet`` class which will hold any number of
unique address ranges and will aggregate overlapping ranges. ::

    >>> from IPy import IP, IPSet
    >>> IP('10.0.0.0/22') - IP('10.0.2.0/24')
    IPSet([IP('10.0.0.0/23'), IP('10.0.3.0/24')])
    >>> IPSet([IP('10.0.0.0/23'), IP('10.0.3.0/24'), IP('10.0.2.0/24')])
    IPSet([IP('10.0.0.0/22')])
    >>> s = IPSet([IP('10.0.0.0/22')])
    >>> s.add(IP('192.168.1.0/29'))
    >>> s
    IPSet([IP('10.0.0.0/22'), IP('192.168.1.0/29')])
    >>> s.discard(IP('192.168.1.2'))
    >>> s
    IPSet([IP('10.0.0.0/22'), IP('192.168.1.0/31'), IP('192.168.1.3'), IP('192.168.1.4/30')])

``IPSet`` supports the ``set`` method ``isdisjoint``: ::

    >>> s.isdisjoint(IPSet([IP('192.168.0.0/16')]))
    False
    >>> s.isdisjoint(IPSet([IP('172.16.0.0/12')]))
    True

``IPSet`` supports intersection: ::

    >>> s & IPSet([IP('10.0.0.0/8')])
    IPSet([IP('10.0.0.0/22')])

Compatibility and links
=======================

IPy 1.2 works on Python 3.5 and later. Use IPy 1.01 for Python 2.

Eratta
======

When using IPv6 addresses, it is best to compare using  ``IP().len()``
instead of ``len(IP)``. Addresses with an integer value > 64 bits can break
the 2nd method.  See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15650878 for more
info.

Fuzz testing for ``IPSet`` will throw spurious errors when the ``IPSet`` module
combines two smaller prefixes into a larger prefix that matches the random
prefix tested against.

This Python module is under BSD license: see COPYING file.

Further Information might be available at:
https://github.com/autocracy/python-ipy