Awesome WebAssembly Runtimes

This repo contains a list of virtual machines and tools that execute the WebAssembly(wasm) format and/or compile it to executable machine code :octocat:

Legend

🚀 - Active development
😴 - Unmaintained (been more than a year since last commit)

CONTENTS

• aWsm ^🚀
  
• Chicory ^🚀
  
• CMM of Wasm ^😴
  
• EOSVM ^🚀
  
• Extism ^🚀
  
• FDVM ^😴
  
• Fizzy ^🚀
  
• GraalWASM ^🚀
  
• Happy New Moon With Report ^🚀
  
• inNative ^🚀
  
• Life ^😴
  
• Lucet ^🚀
  
• wasm3 ^🚀
  
• Motor ^😴
  
• py-wasm ^😴
  
• Serverless Wasm ^😴
  
• Swam ^🚀
  
• VMIR ^😴
  
• wac ^😴
  
• Wagon ^😴
  
• WAKit ^🚀
  
• Warpy ^😴
  
• WasmEdge ^🚀
  
• Wasmer ^🚀
  
• Wasmi ^🚀
  
• Wasmo ^🚀
  
• WasmRT ^😴
  
• Wasmtime ^🚀
  
• WasmVM ^🚀
  
• WasmVM ^😴
  
• WAVM ^😴
  
• WebAssembly ^😴
  
• WebAssembly Micro Runtime ^🚀
  
• Wizard Research Engine ^🚀
  
• TWVM ^🚀
  
• wazero ^🚀
  

---

aWsm ^top⇈

aWsm is a compiler and runtime for compiling WebAssembly (Wasm) code into llvm bytecode, then into sandboxed binaries you can run on various platforms.

• Languages written in

  Rust

  C

• Compiler framework

  LLVM

• Compilation / Execution modes

  AOT

• Interoperability with other languages

  C

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

Chicory ^top⇈

Chicory is a JVM native WebAssembly runtime. It allows you to run WebAssembly programs with zero native dependencies or JNI.

• Languages written in

  Java

• Compiler framework

  JVM

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreter

  AOT

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • WASI

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • JRuby (Ruby prism parser)
  • Apache Camel

• Platforms supported

  Anywhere the JVM runs

CMM of Wasm ^top⇈

A compiler from WebAssembly to native code, via the OCaml backend.

• Languages written in

  OCaml

• Compiler framework

  OCaml Compiler

• Compilation / Execution modes

  AOT

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

EOSVM ^top⇈

EOS VM is designed from the ground up for the high demands of blockchain applications which require far more from a WebAssembly engine than those designed for web browsers or standards development.

• Languages written in

  C++

• Compiler framework

  Custom

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

Extism ^top⇈

Extism's goal is to make all software programmable, and is a flexible, embedded runtime to make it easy to extend your software with WebAssembly.

• Languages written in

  Rust

• Compiler framework

  Custom

• Compilation / Execution modes

  JIT

• Interoperability with other languages

  SDKs to execute WebAssembly in:

  • Browser
  • C
  • C++
  • .NET
  • Elixir
  • Go
  • Haskell
  • Java
  • Node
  • OCaml
  • PHP
  • Python
  • Ruby
  • Rust
  • Zig

  PDKs to create WebAssembly plug-ins in:

  • Rust
  • JavaScript
  • Go
  • Haskell
  • AssemblyScript
  • C
  • C++
  • Zig

• Host APIs supported

  • module loading & linking via Manifest
  • WASI
  • non-WASI http_request

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

FDVM ^top⇈

WASM runtime to develop server-side WebAssembly applications.

• Languages written in

  JavaScript

• Compiler framework

  NodeJS(V8)

• Compilation / Execution modes

  JIT

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

Fizzy ^top⇈

Fizzy aims to be a fast, deterministic, and pedantic WebAssembly interpreter written in C++.

• Languages written in

  C++

• Compiler framework

  • N/A

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreter

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  WASI

• Non-web standards

  WASI

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

GraalWasm ^top⇈

GraalWasm is a WebAssembly engine implemented in the GraalVM. It can interpret and compile WebAssembly programs in the binary format, or be embedded into other programs.

• Languages written in

  Java

• Compiler framework

  GraalVM

• Compilation / Execution modes

  JIT

• Interoperability with other languages

  Java

  JVM

  Graal supported languages

• Non-MVP features supported

• Host APIs supported

  WASI

• Non-web standards

  WASI

• Used by

  • GraalVM JavaScript - A high performance implementation of the JavaScript programming language.

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

Happy New Moon With Report ^top⇈

Happy New Moon with Report is an open-source implementation of WebAssembly written entirely in Java. It is used to run or test Web Assembly Modules (*.wasm) in Java.

• Languages written in

  Java

• Compiler framework

  • N/A

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

• Interoperability with other languages

  Java	JVM languages

• Non-MVP features supported

  Sign Extensions

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  JVM

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

inNative ^top⇈

An AOT (ahead-of-time) compiler for WebAssembly that creates C compatible binaries, either as sandboxed plugins you can dynamically load, or as stand-alone executables that interface directly with the operating system.

• Languages written in

  C++

• Compiler framework

  LLVM

• Compilation / Execution modes

  AOT

  JIT

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  Threads

  Multiple Result and Block Parameters

  Name Section

  Bulk Memory Operations

  Sign Extension Instructions

  Non-trapping Conversion Instructions

• Host APIs supported

  Custom

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

Life ^top⇈

Life is a secure & fast WebAssembly VM built for decentralized applications, written in Go by Perlin Network.

• Languages written in

  Go

• Compiler framework

  Custom

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

Lucet ^top⇈

Lucet is a native WebAssembly compiler and runtime. It is designed to safely execute untrusted WebAssembly programs inside your application.

NOTE: Lucet is now in maintenance mode. Work has been moved to wasmtime.

• Languages written in

  Rust

• Compiler framework

  Cranelift

• Compilation / Execution modes

  AOT

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  WASI

• Non-web standards

  WASI

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

Wasm3 ^top⇈

🚀 A high performance WebAssembly interpreter

• Languages written in

  C

• Compiler framework

  Custom

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

• Interoperability with other languages

  Python

  C/C++

  Rust

  Go

  Zig

  Swift

  C#/.Net

• Non-MVP features supported

  Multi-Value

  Bulk Memory Operations

  Sign-extension operators

  Non-trapping conversions

  Name Section

• Host APIs supported

  WASI

  Custom

• Non-web standards

  WASI	Gas Metering

• Used by

  • wasmcloud - A platform for writing portable business logic
  • Shareup - Fast, private sharing for everyone
  • WowCube - An nnovative console and the gaming platform
  • txiki.js -A small and powerful JavaScript runtime

• Platforms supported

  Windows

  Linux (any arch)

  macOS (any arch)

  FreeBSD (any arch)

  Android

  OpenWRT

  SBC/MCU

  Arduino

Motor ^top⇈

Motor is a WebAssembly runtime, which aims for secure and efficient execution of WebAssembly programs

• Languages written in

  Rust

• Compiler framework

  Dynasm

• Compilation / Execution modes

  JIT

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

py-wasm ^top⇈

A python implementation of the WebAssembly interpreter

• Languages written in

  Python

• Compiler framework

  Custom

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

Serverless wasm ^top⇈

A small demo of Web Assembly's potential outside of browsers

• Languages written in

  Rust

• Compiler framework

  Wasmi

  Cranelift

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

  JIT

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

Swam ^top⇈

WebAssembly engine in Scala

• Languages written in

  Scala

• Compiler framework

  Custom

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

VMIR ^top⇈

VMIR is a standalone library written in C that can parse and execute WebAssembly and LLVM Bitcode files

• Languages written in

  C

• Compiler framework

  LLVM

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

  JIT

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A
  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

wac ^top⇈

A Minimal WebAssembly interpreter written in C.

• Languages written in

  C

• Compiler framework

  Custom

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

wagon ^top⇈

Wagon is a WebAssembly-based interpreter in Go, for Go.

• Languages written in

  Go

• Compiler framework

  Custom

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

WAKit ^top⇈

A WebAssembly runtime written in Swift.

• Languages written in

  Swift

• Compiler framework

  Custom

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

Warpy ^top⇈

WebAssembly interpreter in RPython.

• Languages written in

  RPython

• Compiler framework

  RPython

• Compilation / Execution modes

  JIT

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

WasmEdge ^top⇈

A lightweight, high-performance, and extensible WebAssembly runtime for cloud native, edge, and decentralized applications. Project under CNCF.

• Languages written in

  C++

• Compiler framework

  LLVM

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreter

  AOT

• Interoperability with other languages

  Solidity

  Rust

  C/C++

  Go/TinyGo

  JavaScript

  Python

  Grain

  Swift

  Zig

  Ruby

• Non-MVP features supported

  Bulk Memory Operations

  SIMD

  Multi-Memory

  Multi-Value

  Reference Types

  Sign Extension Instructions

  Non-Trapping Float-to-Int Conversions

  Mutable Global

• Host APIs supported

  WASI

  Networking Socket

  TensorFlow

  Command Interface

  Image Processing

• Non-web standards

  WASI

  Gas Metering

  Ethereum Environment Interface

  Oasis

  Substrate

• Used by

  • Suborbital
  • crun
  • SuperEdge
  • OpenYurt
  • Dapr
  • Yomo
  • Oasis ETH ParaTime

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

  Android

  OpenHarmony

  seL4 RTOS

Wasmer ^top⇈

Wasmer is a standalone WebAssembly runtime for running WebAssembly outside of the browser, supporting WASI and Emscripten.

• Languages written in

  Rust

  C++

• Compiler framework

  Singlepass

  Cranelift (Default)

  LLVM

• Compilation / Execution modes

  JIT

  AOT

• Interoperability with other languages

  Rust

  PHP

  C

  C++

  Python

  Go

  PHP

  Java

  Ruby

  Postgres

  C#/.Net

  Elixir

  R

  D

  Swift

• Non-MVP features supported

  Threads

  SIMD

  Multi Value returns

  Name Section

  Bulk Memory Operations

  Sign Extension Instructions

• Host APIs supported

  Emscripten

  WASI

• Non-web standards

  WASI	wasm-c-api

• Used by

  • Spacemesh Virtual Machine - A Spacemesh smart contracts vm
  • CosmWasm - A Cosmos-compatible library for running wasm smart contracts
  • NEAR Protocol - The reference client for NEAR protocol
  • Dprint - Pluggable and configurable code formatting platform

• Platforms supported

  Linux (x64, aarch64, x86)

  macOS (x64, arm64)

  Windows (x64, x86)

  FreeBSD (x64)

  Android

Wasmi ^top⇈

A Wasm interpreter.

• Languages written in

  Rust

• Compiler framework

  Custom

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  Mutable Globals

  Sign-extension operators

  Non-trapping conversions

  Multi-Value

  Bulk Memory Operations

  Reference Types

  Tail Calls

  Extended Const

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  WASI

• Used by

  Substrate

  smoldot

  Ayaka Game Engine

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

  WebAssembly

Wasmo ^top⇈

A WebAssembly Runtime and Compiler based on LLVM.

• Languages written in

  Rust

• Compiler framework

  LLVM

• Compilation / Execution modes

  JIT

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  macOS

wasmrt ^top⇈

wasmrt is a runtime built for native execution of WebAssembly modules (virtualized at first, eventually JIT).

• Languages written in

  C++

• Compiler framework

  Custom

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

Wasmtime ^top⇈

Wasmtime is a standalone wasm-only runtime for WebAssembly, using the Cranelift JIT

• Languages written in

  Rust

• Compiler framework

  Cranelift

• Compilation / Execution modes

  JIT

• Interoperability with other languages

  Python

• Non-MVP features supported

  Interface types

• Host APIs supported

  WASI

• Non-web standards

  WASI	wasm-c-api

• Used by

  • Wasmi: an efficient WebAssembly interpreter that is used by Substrate, a next-generation framework for blockchain innovation.

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

WasmVM ^top⇈

An unofficial standalone WebAssembly process virtual machine

• Languages written in

  C++

• Compiler framework

  Custom

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

wasmvm ^top⇈

WebAssembly Virtual Machine, which aim to fit embedded systems.

• Languages written in

  Rust

• Compiler framework

  Life

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

WAVM ^top⇈

WebAssembly Virtual Machine, which aim to fit embedded systems.

• Languages written in

  C++

  Python

• Compiler framework

  LLVM

• Compilation / Execution modes

  JIT

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  Threads

  SIMD

  Multiple Result and Block Parameters

  Exception Handling

  Name Section

  Reference Types

  Bulk Memory Operations

  Sign Extension Instructions

• Host APIs supported

  WASI

  Emscripten

  WAVIX

• Non-web standards

  • WASI

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

webassembly ^top⇈

An experimental, minimal toolkit and runtime on top of node to produce and run WebAssembly modules

• Languages written in

  JavaScript

• Compiler framework

  NodeJS(V8)

• Compilation / Execution modes

  JIT

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

WAMR ^top⇈

WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) is a standalone WebAssembly (WASM) runtime with small footprint

• Languages written in

  C

• Compiler framework

  Custom

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

  AOT-Modules

  JIT

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • Non-trapping float-to-int conversions
  • Sign-extension operators
  • Bulk memory operations
  • Shared memory
  • Multi-value
  • Tail-call

• Host APIs supported

  • wasm-c-api

• Non-web standards

  • WASI

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

  AliOS-Things

  Android

  Linux-SGX

  Nuttx

  VxWorks

  Zephyr

TWVM ^top⇈

A tiny and efficient WebAssembly virtual machine.

• Languages written in

  C++

• Compiler framework

  Custom

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

Wizard ^top⇈

Wizard is a WebAssembly 1.0 and 2.0 spec-compliant runtime written in Virgil, with zero platform dependencies. It features a fast interpreter, baseline compilation, and advanced dynamic analysis.

• Languages written in

  Virgil

• Compiler framework

  Custom

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

  JIT

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  Bulk Memory Operations

  Import/Export of Mutable Globals

  Sign-extension operators

  Multi-Value Returns

  Name Section

  Non-trapping float-to-int conversions

  Reference Types

  SIMD

  Tail-call

  GC

  Exception Handling

• Host APIs supported

  Wave

  WASI

• Non-web standards

  WASI

• Used by

• Platforms supported

  Linux (amd64, x86)

  macOs (amd64)

  Java (java5)

  Wasm 1.0

wazero ^top⇈

wazero is a WebAssembly 1.0 and 2.0 spec compliant runtime written in Go, with zero platform dependencies.

• Languages written in

  Go

• Compiler framework

  Custom

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

  JIT

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  Bulk Memory Operations

  Import/Export of Mutable Globals

  Sign-extension operators

  Multi-Value Returns

  Name Section

  Non-trapping float-to-int conversions

  Reference Types

  SIMD

• Host APIs supported

  AssemblyScript

  WASI

• Non-web standards

  WASI

• Used by

  • dapr - APIs that simplify microservice connectivity
  • trivy - vulnerability/misconfiguration/secret scanner for containers and other artifacts
  • wapc-go - WebAssembly Host Runtime for waPC-compliant modules

• Platforms supported

  FreeBSD (amd64)

  Linux (amd64, arm64, riscv64)

  macOs (amd64)

  Windows (amd64)

---

License

To the extent possible under law, Steve Akinyemi has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work.