SimoneZeng/awesome-vector-ANN-search-papers

A list of papers in the field of approximate nearest neighbor search on high-dimensional vectors.

141

38 commits

updated Aug 11, 2026

See the code

README

awesome-vector-ANN-search-papers

A list of papers in the field of approximate nearest neighbor search on high-dimensional vectors.

We refine papers according to categories for your reference :)

Let's dive into ANN search and vector database!

In general, there are many great articles in the website of Pinecone and Zilliz, including core components, deep dives, user cases and ML foundations in the field of vector databases.

Recently, the 1st Workshop on Vector Databases is held along with ICML2025. Please refer to VecDB for detailed technical report.

If you are a Chinese developer and want to learn about the getting-started concepts and techniques in ANN search with vector datasets, here is a blog that contains most of the concepts for a beginner.

Papers Refined with Categories

In this section, we provide papers refined with categories. We also provide common abbreviation of methods after the title with Abbr.

0. Upcoming papers

We are excited to track the latest papers in vector search from major 2026 conferences cycle. Our collection is presently being updated, and we look forward to sharing the full categorized list shortly.

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
OdinANN: Direct Insert for Consistently Stable Performance in Billion-Scale Graph-Based Vector SearchFAST2026Guo et.allink
Scalable Graph Indexing using GPUs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Li et al.link
AlayaLaser: Efficient Index Layout and Search Strategy for Large-scale High-dimensional Vector Similarity SearchSIGMOD2026Chen et al.link
Enhancing Graph-based Approximate Maximum Inner Product Search via Norm-Adaptive PartitioningSIGMOD2026Zhao et al.link
FGIM: a Fast Graph-based Indexes Merging Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Wu et al.link
HARMONY: A Scalable Distributed Vector Database for High-Throughput Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Xu et al.link
TRIM: Accelerating High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search with Enhanced Triangle-Inequality-Based PruningSIGMOD2026Song et al.link
Accelerating High-Dimensional ANN Search via Skipping Redundant Distance ComputationsSIGMOD2026Song et al.link
DARTH: Declarative Recall Through Early Termination for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Chatzakis et al.link
TaCo: Data-adaptive and Query-aware Subspace Collision for High-dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Wei et al.link
Through the Lens of Hubness: A Revisit on Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: [Experiments & Analysis]SIGMOD2026Xu et al.link
ConANN: Conformal Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2026Horchidan et al.link
JHQ: Johnson-Lindenstrauss Enhanced Hierarchical Quantization for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2026Han et al.link
I/O Optimizations for Graph-Based Disk-Resident Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: A Design Space ExplorationVLDB2026Li et al.link
Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2026Yang et al.link
Distance Comparison Operations Are Not Silver Bullets in Vector Similarity Search: A Benchmark Study on Their Merits and Limits [Experiment, Analysis, and Benchmark]ICDE2026Zheng et al.link
SINDI: An Efficient Index for Sparse Vector Approximate Maximum Inner Product SearchICDE2026Li et al.link
Approximate Diverse k-nearest Neighbor Search in Vector DatabaseICDE2026Zhao et al.link
GLIDE: GPU-Accelerated ANN Graph Index Construction via Data LocalityICDE2026Ruan et al.link
Trading Vector Data in Vector DatabasesICDE2026Cheng et al.link
Text2VectorSQL: Towards a Unified Interface for Vector Search and SQL QueriesICDE2026Wang et al.link
MINT: Multi-Vector Search Index TuningICDE2026Zhu et al.link
SQLVec: SQL-Based Vector Similarity SearchICDE2026Zhang et al.link
Generalized Range Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: Containment and OverlapKDD2026Liu et al.link
Hitcher: Efficient GPU-based Vector Search via Cluster-Centric Kernel and Hitch-Ride OrderingKDD2026Zhou et al.link

1. Graph-based

This category collects papers that propose graph-based methods, without combining other three types of categories (e.g., tree-based, hash-based, quantization-based).

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
Approximate nearest neighbor algorithm based on navigable small world graphs (Abbr. NSW)IS2014Malkov et al.link
EFANNA : An Extremely Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Algorithm Based on kNN Graph2016Fu et al.link
FANNG: Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbour GraphsCVPR2016Harwood et al.link
Efficient and Robust Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Using Hierarchical Navigable Small World Graphs (Abbr. HNSW)TPAMI2018Malkov et al.link
Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph (Abbr. NSG)VLDB2019Fu et al.link
Learning to Route in Similarity GraphsICML2019Baranchuk et al.link
Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early TerminationSIGMOD2020Li et al.link
Graph-based Nearest Neighbor Search: From Practice to TheoryICML2020Prokhorenkova et al.link
High Dimensional Similarity Search with Satellite System Graph: Efficiency, Scalability, and Unindexed Query Compatibility (Abbr. NSSG)TPAMI2021Fu et al.link
Reinforcement Routing on Proximity Graph for Efficient RecommendationTOIS2023Feng et al.link
ARKGraph: All-Range Approximate K-Nearest-Neighbor GraphVLDB2023Zuo et al.link
Worst-case performance of popular approximate nearest neighbor search implementations: guarantees and limitationsNIPS2023Indyk et al.link
Probabilistic Routing for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search2024Lu et al.link
RoarGraph: A Projected Bipartite Graph for Efficient Cross-Modal Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2024Chen et al.link
Steiner-Hardness: A Query Hardness Measure for Graph-Based ANN IndexesVLDB2025Wang et al.link
UAccelerating Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Hierarchical Graphs: Efficient Level Navigation with ShortcutsVLDB2025Gong et al.link
Select Edges Wisely: Monotonic Path Aware Graph Layout Optimization for Disk-based ANN SearchVLDB2025Yue et al.link
Empowering Graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with Adaptive Awareness CapabilitiesSIGKDD2025Ruan et al.link
Wolverine: Highly Efficient Monotonic Search Path Repair for Graph-based ANN Index UpdatesVLDB2025Liu et al.link
Revisiting the Index Construction of Proximity Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2025Yang et al.link
MIRAGE-ANNS: Mixed Approach Graph-based Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2025Voruganti et al.link
Fast-Convergent Proximity Graphs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Li et al.link
Proximity Graphs for Similarity Search: Fast Construction, Lower Bounds, and Euclidean SeparationPODS2026Lu et al.link
Enhancing Graph-based Approximate Maximum Inner Product Search via Norm-Adaptive PartitioningSIGMOD2026Zhao et al.link
FGIM: a Fast Graph-based Indexes Merging Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Wu et al.link
VSAG: An Optimized Search Framework for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2025Zhong et al.link

2. Combining graph and other categories

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
Locality-Sensitive Indexing for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGIR2025Chung et al.link
SymphonyQG: towards Symphonious Integration of Quantization and Graph for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2025Gou et al.link
Routing-Guided Learned Product Quantization for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchICDE2024Yue et al.link
ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data ScienceVLDB2023Azizi et al.link
Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces (Abbr. LSH-APG)VLDB2023Zhao et al.link
HVS: hierarchical graph structure based on voronoi diagrams for solving approximate nearest neighbor searchVLDB2021Lu et al.link

3. Partitions-based and Distributed

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
ConANN: Conformal Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2026Horchidan et al.link
Tribase: A Vector Data Query Engine for Reliable and Lossless Pruning Compression using Triangle InequalitiesSIGMOD2025Xu et al.link
LIRA: A Learning-based Query-aware Partition Framework for Large-scale ANN SearchWWW2025Zeng et al.link
Optimizing the Number of Clusters for Billion-Scale Quantization-Based Nearest Neighbor SearchTKDE2024Fu et al.link
DIMS: Distributed Index for Similarity Search in Metric SpacesTKDE2024Zhu et al.link
Learning Balanced Tree Indexes for Large-Scale Vector RetrievalSIGKDD2023Li et al.link
BLISS: A Billion scale Index using Iterative Re-partitioningSIGKDD2022Gupta et al.link
Learned Probing Cardinality Estimation for High-Dimensional Approximate NN SearchICDE2023Zheng et al.link
Learning-based query optimization for multi-probe approximate nearest neighbor searchVLDBJ2023Zhang et al.link
SOAR: Improved Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchNIPS2023Sun et al.link
Efficient Distributed Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Graph Construction by Multiway Random Division ForestKDD2023Kim et al.link
Odyssey: A Journey in the Land of Distributed Data Series Similarity SearchVLDB2023Chatzakis et al.link
Learning Space Partitions for Nearest Neighbor Search (Abbr. Neural LSH)ICLR2020et al.link

4. Quantization-based

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
JHQ: Johnson-Lindenstrauss Enhanced Hierarchical Quantization for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2026Han et al.link
Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2026Yang et al.link
Boosting Deep Vector Quantization with Progressive Distribution TransformationSIGKDD2025Wang et al.link
Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2025Gao et al.link
RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2024Gao et al.link
Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search2024Gao et al.link
Residual quantization with implicit neural codebooksICML2024Huijben et al.link
Knowledge Distillation for High Dimensional Search IndexNeurIPS2024Lu et al.link
Similarity Search in the Blink of an Eye with Compressed IndicesVLDB2023Aguerrebere et al.link
Model-enhanced Vector IndexNeurIPS2023Zhang et al.link
Accelerating Large-Scale Inference with Anisotropic Vector Quantization, ScaNNICML2020Guo et al.link
Unsupervised Neural Quantization for Compressed-Domain Similarity SearchICCV2019Morozov et al.link

5. Hash-based

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
DET-LSH: A Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme with Dynamic Encoding Tree for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2024Wei et al.link
DB-LSH: Locality-Sensitive Hashing with Query-based Dynamic BucketingICDE2023Tian et al.link
DB-LSH 2.0: Locality-Sensitive Hashing With Query-Based Dynamic BucketingTKDE2023Tian et al.link
PM-LSH: a fast and accurate in-memory framework for high-dimensional approximate NN and closest pair searchVLDB2022Zheng et al.link
LIDER: an efficient high-dimensional learned index for large-scale dense passage retrievalVLDB2022Wang et al.link
MP-RW-LSH: an efficient multi-probe LSH solution to ANNS-L1VLDB2021Wang et al.link
Query-aware locality-sensitive hashing for approximate nearest neighbor searchVLDB2015Huang et al.link

6. Tree-based

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
DIDS: Double Indices and Double Summarizations for Fast Similarity SearchVLDB2024Hu et al.link
Adaptive Indexing in High-Dimensional Metric SpacesVLDB2023Lampropoulos et al.link
Hercules Against Data Series Similarity SearchVLDB2022Echihabi et al.link
Scalable Nearest Neighbor Algorithms for High Dimensional DataTPAMI2020Muja et al.link
i SAX: indexing and mining terabyte sized time seriesSIGKDD2008Shieh et al.link

7. Disk available

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
DiskANN: Fast Accurate Billion-point Nearest Neighbor Search on a Single NodeNeurIPS2019Subramanya et al.link
DiskANN++: Efficient Page-based Search over Isomorphic Mapped Graph Index using Query-sensitivity Entry Vertex2023Ni et al.link
SPFresh: Incremental In-Place Update for Billion-Scale Vector SearchSOSP2023Xu et al.link
Filtered − DiskANN: Graph Algorithms for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with FiltersWeb2023Gollapudi et al.link
FreshDiskANN: A Fast and Accurate Graph-Based ANN Index for Streaming Similarity Search2021Singh et al.link
SPANN: Highly-efficient Billion-scale Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchNeurIPS2021Chen et al.link
I/O Optimizations for Graph-Based Disk-Resident Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: A Design Space ExplorationVLDB2026Li et al.link

8. Survey and benchmark

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
Filtered Vector Search: State-of-the-Art and Research OpportunitiesVLDB2025Chronis et al.link
Through the Lens of Hubness: A Revisit on Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: [Experiments & Analysis]SIGMOD2026Xu et al.link
An Experimental Evaluation of Hybrid Querying on VectorsVLDB2025Zhu et.allink
Distance Comparison Operations Are Not Silver Bullets in Vector Similarity Search: A Benchmark Study on Their Merits and Limits [Experiment, Analysis, and Benchmark]ICDE2026Zheng et al.link
Graph-Based Vector Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State-of-the-ArtSIGMOD2025Azizi et al.link
Evaluating and Generating Query Workloads for High Dimensional Vector Similarity SearchKDD2025Ceccarello et al.link
Survey of Vector Database Management SystemsVLDB2024Pan et al.link
ParlayANN: Scalable and Deterministic Parallel GraphBased Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search AlgorithmsPPoPP2024Manohar et al.link
Deep Learning for Approximate Nearest Neighbour Search: A Survey and Future DirectionsTKDE2022Li et al.link
A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2021Wang et al.link
TitleVenueAuthorsLink
Generalized Range Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: Containment and OverlapKDD2026Liu et al.link
SIEVE: Effective Filtered Vector Search with Collection of IndexesVLDB2025Li et al.link
Dynamic Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2025Peng et al.link
UNIFY: Unified Index for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbors SearchVLDB2025Liang et al.link
DEG: Efficient Hybrid Vector Search Using the Dynamic Edge Navigation GraphSIGMOD2025Yin et al.link
Navigating Labels and Vectors: A Unified Approach to Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2025Cai et al.link
iRangeGraph: Improvising Range-dedicated Graphs for Range-filtering Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2025Xu et al.link
Timestamp Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search over High-Dimensional Vector DataICDE2025Wang et al.link
SeRF: Segment Graph for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2024Zuo et al.link
Bridging Dense and Sparse Maximum Inner Product SearchTOIS2024Bruch et al.link
An Efficient and Robust Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with Attribute Constraint (NHQ)NeurIPS2023Wang et al.link
ACORN: Performant and Predicate-Agnostic Search Over Vector Embeddings and Structured DataSIGMOD2024Patel et al.link
Filtered − DiskANN: Graph Algorithms for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with FiltersWeb2023Gollapudi et al.link
High-Throughput Vector Similarity Search in Knowledge Graphs (HQI)SIGMOD2023Mohoney et al.link
Navigable Proximity Graph-Driven Native Hybrid Queries with Structured and Unstructured Constraints2022Wang et al.link
HQANN: Efficient and Robust Similarity Search for Hybrid Queries with Structured and Unstructured ConstraintsCIKM2022Wu et al.link
AnalyticDB-V: a hybrid analytical engine towards query fusion for structured and unstructured dataVLDB2020Wei et al.link

10. Computation acceleration

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
DARTH: Declarative Recall Through Early Termination for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Chatzakis et al.link
TRIM: Accelerating High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search with Enhanced Triangle-Inequality-Based PruningSIGMOD2026Song et al.link
Effective and General Distance Computation for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchICDE2025Yang et al.link
Accelerating Graph Indexing for ANNS on Modern CPUsSIGMOD2025Wang et al.link
Accelerating Graph-based Vector Search via Delayed-Synchronization Traversal2024Jiang et al.link
Juno: Optimizing High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbour Search with Sparsity-Aware Algorithm and Ray-Tracing Core MappingASPLOS2024Liu et al.link
High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations (Abbr. ADSampline)SIGMOD2023Gao et al.link
FINGER: Fast Inference for Graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchWeb2023Chen et al.link
Relative NN-Descent: A Fast Index Construction for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchMM2023Ono et al.link
AdANNS: A Framework for Adaptive Semantic SearchNIPS2023Rege et al.link

11. Vector database system

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
HARMONY: A Scalable Distributed Vector Database for High-Throughput Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Xu et al.link
OdinANN: Direct Insert for Consistently Stable Performance in Billion-Scale Graph-Based Vector SearchFAST2026Guo et.allink
VStream: A Distributed Streaming Vector Search SystemVLDB2025Gong et al.link
MicroNN: An On-device Disk-resident Updatable Vector DatabaseSIGMOD2025Pound et al.link
CAGRA: Highly Parallel Graph Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search for GPUsICDE2024Ootomo et al.link
Vexless: A Serverless Vector Data Management System Using Cloud FunctionsSIGMOD2024Su et al.link
SingleStore-V: An Integrated Vector Database System in SingleStoreVLDB2024Chen et al.link
Starling: An I/O-Efficient Disk-Resident Graph Index Framework for High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search on Data SegmentSIGMOD2024Wang et al.link
Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional DatabasesSIGMOD2023Peng et al.link
VBASE: Unifying Online Vector Similarity Search and Relational Queries via Relaxed MonotonicityOSDI2023Zhang et al.link
Manu: A Cloud Native Vector Database Management SystemVLDB2022Guo et al.link
Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management SystemSIGMOD2021Wang et al.link
LANNS: a web-scale approximate nearest neighbor lookup systemVLDB2021Doshi et al.link

12. GPU-based

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
GLIDE: GPU-Accelerated ANN Graph Index Construction via Data LocalityICDE2026Ruan et al.link
Hitcher: Efficient GPU-based Vector Search via Cluster-Centric Kernel and Hitch-Ride OrderingKDD2026Zhou et al.link
Scalable Graph Indexing using GPUs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Li et al.link
AlayaLaser: Efficient Index Layout and Search Strategy for Large-scale High-dimensional Vector Similarity SearchSIGMOD2026Chen et al.link
Efficient Graph Embedding at Scale: Optimizing CPU-GPU-SSD IntegrationVLDBJ2026Li et al.link
CAGRA: Highly Parallel Graph Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search for GPUsICDE2024Ootomo et al.link
GGNN: Graph-based GPU Nearest Neighbor SearchTBD2023Groh et al.link
GPU-accelerated Proximity Graph Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search and ConstructionICDE2022Yu et al.link
SONG: Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search on GPUICDE2020Zhao et al.link

13. Maximum Inner Product

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
FARGO: Fast Maximum Inner Product Search via Global Multi-ProbingVLDB2023Zhao et al.link
SINDI: An Efficient Index for Sparse Vector Approximate Maximum Inner Product SearchICDE2026Li et al.link

Contact me. ximuzeng@std.uestc.edu.cn

Contributors

SimoneZeng

37 commits

WittenYeh

1 commits

SimoneZeng/awesome-vector-ANN-search-papers

A list of papers in the field of approximate nearest neighbor search on high-dimensional vectors.

141

38 commits

updated Aug 11, 2026

See the code

README

awesome-vector-ANN-search-papers

A list of papers in the field of approximate nearest neighbor search on high-dimensional vectors.

We refine papers according to categories for your reference :)

Let's dive into ANN search and vector database!

In general, there are many great articles in the website of Pinecone and Zilliz, including core components, deep dives, user cases and ML foundations in the field of vector databases.

Recently, the 1st Workshop on Vector Databases is held along with ICML2025. Please refer to VecDB for detailed technical report.

If you are a Chinese developer and want to learn about the getting-started concepts and techniques in ANN search with vector datasets, here is a blog that contains most of the concepts for a beginner.

Papers Refined with Categories

In this section, we provide papers refined with categories. We also provide common abbreviation of methods after the title with Abbr.

0. Upcoming papers

We are excited to track the latest papers in vector search from major 2026 conferences cycle. Our collection is presently being updated, and we look forward to sharing the full categorized list shortly.

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
OdinANN: Direct Insert for Consistently Stable Performance in Billion-Scale Graph-Based Vector SearchFAST2026Guo et.allink
Scalable Graph Indexing using GPUs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Li et al.link
AlayaLaser: Efficient Index Layout and Search Strategy for Large-scale High-dimensional Vector Similarity SearchSIGMOD2026Chen et al.link
Enhancing Graph-based Approximate Maximum Inner Product Search via Norm-Adaptive PartitioningSIGMOD2026Zhao et al.link
FGIM: a Fast Graph-based Indexes Merging Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Wu et al.link
HARMONY: A Scalable Distributed Vector Database for High-Throughput Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Xu et al.link
TRIM: Accelerating High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search with Enhanced Triangle-Inequality-Based PruningSIGMOD2026Song et al.link
Accelerating High-Dimensional ANN Search via Skipping Redundant Distance ComputationsSIGMOD2026Song et al.link
DARTH: Declarative Recall Through Early Termination for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Chatzakis et al.link
TaCo: Data-adaptive and Query-aware Subspace Collision for High-dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Wei et al.link
Through the Lens of Hubness: A Revisit on Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: [Experiments & Analysis]SIGMOD2026Xu et al.link
ConANN: Conformal Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2026Horchidan et al.link
JHQ: Johnson-Lindenstrauss Enhanced Hierarchical Quantization for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2026Han et al.link
I/O Optimizations for Graph-Based Disk-Resident Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: A Design Space ExplorationVLDB2026Li et al.link
Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2026Yang et al.link
Distance Comparison Operations Are Not Silver Bullets in Vector Similarity Search: A Benchmark Study on Their Merits and Limits [Experiment, Analysis, and Benchmark]ICDE2026Zheng et al.link
SINDI: An Efficient Index for Sparse Vector Approximate Maximum Inner Product SearchICDE2026Li et al.link
Approximate Diverse k-nearest Neighbor Search in Vector DatabaseICDE2026Zhao et al.link
GLIDE: GPU-Accelerated ANN Graph Index Construction via Data LocalityICDE2026Ruan et al.link
Trading Vector Data in Vector DatabasesICDE2026Cheng et al.link
Text2VectorSQL: Towards a Unified Interface for Vector Search and SQL QueriesICDE2026Wang et al.link
MINT: Multi-Vector Search Index TuningICDE2026Zhu et al.link
SQLVec: SQL-Based Vector Similarity SearchICDE2026Zhang et al.link
Generalized Range Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: Containment and OverlapKDD2026Liu et al.link
Hitcher: Efficient GPU-based Vector Search via Cluster-Centric Kernel and Hitch-Ride OrderingKDD2026Zhou et al.link

1. Graph-based

This category collects papers that propose graph-based methods, without combining other three types of categories (e.g., tree-based, hash-based, quantization-based).

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
Approximate nearest neighbor algorithm based on navigable small world graphs (Abbr. NSW)IS2014Malkov et al.link
EFANNA : An Extremely Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Algorithm Based on kNN Graph2016Fu et al.link
FANNG: Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbour GraphsCVPR2016Harwood et al.link
Efficient and Robust Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Using Hierarchical Navigable Small World Graphs (Abbr. HNSW)TPAMI2018Malkov et al.link
Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph (Abbr. NSG)VLDB2019Fu et al.link
Learning to Route in Similarity GraphsICML2019Baranchuk et al.link
Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early TerminationSIGMOD2020Li et al.link
Graph-based Nearest Neighbor Search: From Practice to TheoryICML2020Prokhorenkova et al.link
High Dimensional Similarity Search with Satellite System Graph: Efficiency, Scalability, and Unindexed Query Compatibility (Abbr. NSSG)TPAMI2021Fu et al.link
Reinforcement Routing on Proximity Graph for Efficient RecommendationTOIS2023Feng et al.link
ARKGraph: All-Range Approximate K-Nearest-Neighbor GraphVLDB2023Zuo et al.link
Worst-case performance of popular approximate nearest neighbor search implementations: guarantees and limitationsNIPS2023Indyk et al.link
Probabilistic Routing for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search2024Lu et al.link
RoarGraph: A Projected Bipartite Graph for Efficient Cross-Modal Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2024Chen et al.link
Steiner-Hardness: A Query Hardness Measure for Graph-Based ANN IndexesVLDB2025Wang et al.link
UAccelerating Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Hierarchical Graphs: Efficient Level Navigation with ShortcutsVLDB2025Gong et al.link
Select Edges Wisely: Monotonic Path Aware Graph Layout Optimization for Disk-based ANN SearchVLDB2025Yue et al.link
Empowering Graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with Adaptive Awareness CapabilitiesSIGKDD2025Ruan et al.link
Wolverine: Highly Efficient Monotonic Search Path Repair for Graph-based ANN Index UpdatesVLDB2025Liu et al.link
Revisiting the Index Construction of Proximity Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2025Yang et al.link
MIRAGE-ANNS: Mixed Approach Graph-based Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2025Voruganti et al.link
Fast-Convergent Proximity Graphs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Li et al.link
Proximity Graphs for Similarity Search: Fast Construction, Lower Bounds, and Euclidean SeparationPODS2026Lu et al.link
Enhancing Graph-based Approximate Maximum Inner Product Search via Norm-Adaptive PartitioningSIGMOD2026Zhao et al.link
FGIM: a Fast Graph-based Indexes Merging Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Wu et al.link
VSAG: An Optimized Search Framework for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2025Zhong et al.link

2. Combining graph and other categories

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
Locality-Sensitive Indexing for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGIR2025Chung et al.link
SymphonyQG: towards Symphonious Integration of Quantization and Graph for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2025Gou et al.link
Routing-Guided Learned Product Quantization for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchICDE2024Yue et al.link
ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data ScienceVLDB2023Azizi et al.link
Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces (Abbr. LSH-APG)VLDB2023Zhao et al.link
HVS: hierarchical graph structure based on voronoi diagrams for solving approximate nearest neighbor searchVLDB2021Lu et al.link

3. Partitions-based and Distributed

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
ConANN: Conformal Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2026Horchidan et al.link
Tribase: A Vector Data Query Engine for Reliable and Lossless Pruning Compression using Triangle InequalitiesSIGMOD2025Xu et al.link
LIRA: A Learning-based Query-aware Partition Framework for Large-scale ANN SearchWWW2025Zeng et al.link
Optimizing the Number of Clusters for Billion-Scale Quantization-Based Nearest Neighbor SearchTKDE2024Fu et al.link
DIMS: Distributed Index for Similarity Search in Metric SpacesTKDE2024Zhu et al.link
Learning Balanced Tree Indexes for Large-Scale Vector RetrievalSIGKDD2023Li et al.link
BLISS: A Billion scale Index using Iterative Re-partitioningSIGKDD2022Gupta et al.link
Learned Probing Cardinality Estimation for High-Dimensional Approximate NN SearchICDE2023Zheng et al.link
Learning-based query optimization for multi-probe approximate nearest neighbor searchVLDBJ2023Zhang et al.link
SOAR: Improved Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchNIPS2023Sun et al.link
Efficient Distributed Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Graph Construction by Multiway Random Division ForestKDD2023Kim et al.link
Odyssey: A Journey in the Land of Distributed Data Series Similarity SearchVLDB2023Chatzakis et al.link
Learning Space Partitions for Nearest Neighbor Search (Abbr. Neural LSH)ICLR2020et al.link

4. Quantization-based

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
JHQ: Johnson-Lindenstrauss Enhanced Hierarchical Quantization for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2026Han et al.link
Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2026Yang et al.link
Boosting Deep Vector Quantization with Progressive Distribution TransformationSIGKDD2025Wang et al.link
Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2025Gao et al.link
RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2024Gao et al.link
Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search2024Gao et al.link
Residual quantization with implicit neural codebooksICML2024Huijben et al.link
Knowledge Distillation for High Dimensional Search IndexNeurIPS2024Lu et al.link
Similarity Search in the Blink of an Eye with Compressed IndicesVLDB2023Aguerrebere et al.link
Model-enhanced Vector IndexNeurIPS2023Zhang et al.link
Accelerating Large-Scale Inference with Anisotropic Vector Quantization, ScaNNICML2020Guo et al.link
Unsupervised Neural Quantization for Compressed-Domain Similarity SearchICCV2019Morozov et al.link

5. Hash-based

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
DET-LSH: A Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme with Dynamic Encoding Tree for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2024Wei et al.link
DB-LSH: Locality-Sensitive Hashing with Query-based Dynamic BucketingICDE2023Tian et al.link
DB-LSH 2.0: Locality-Sensitive Hashing With Query-Based Dynamic BucketingTKDE2023Tian et al.link
PM-LSH: a fast and accurate in-memory framework for high-dimensional approximate NN and closest pair searchVLDB2022Zheng et al.link
LIDER: an efficient high-dimensional learned index for large-scale dense passage retrievalVLDB2022Wang et al.link
MP-RW-LSH: an efficient multi-probe LSH solution to ANNS-L1VLDB2021Wang et al.link
Query-aware locality-sensitive hashing for approximate nearest neighbor searchVLDB2015Huang et al.link

6. Tree-based

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
DIDS: Double Indices and Double Summarizations for Fast Similarity SearchVLDB2024Hu et al.link
Adaptive Indexing in High-Dimensional Metric SpacesVLDB2023Lampropoulos et al.link
Hercules Against Data Series Similarity SearchVLDB2022Echihabi et al.link
Scalable Nearest Neighbor Algorithms for High Dimensional DataTPAMI2020Muja et al.link
i SAX: indexing and mining terabyte sized time seriesSIGKDD2008Shieh et al.link

7. Disk available

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
DiskANN: Fast Accurate Billion-point Nearest Neighbor Search on a Single NodeNeurIPS2019Subramanya et al.link
DiskANN++: Efficient Page-based Search over Isomorphic Mapped Graph Index using Query-sensitivity Entry Vertex2023Ni et al.link
SPFresh: Incremental In-Place Update for Billion-Scale Vector SearchSOSP2023Xu et al.link
Filtered − DiskANN: Graph Algorithms for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with FiltersWeb2023Gollapudi et al.link
FreshDiskANN: A Fast and Accurate Graph-Based ANN Index for Streaming Similarity Search2021Singh et al.link
SPANN: Highly-efficient Billion-scale Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchNeurIPS2021Chen et al.link
I/O Optimizations for Graph-Based Disk-Resident Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: A Design Space ExplorationVLDB2026Li et al.link

8. Survey and benchmark

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
Filtered Vector Search: State-of-the-Art and Research OpportunitiesVLDB2025Chronis et al.link
Through the Lens of Hubness: A Revisit on Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: [Experiments & Analysis]SIGMOD2026Xu et al.link
An Experimental Evaluation of Hybrid Querying on VectorsVLDB2025Zhu et.allink
Distance Comparison Operations Are Not Silver Bullets in Vector Similarity Search: A Benchmark Study on Their Merits and Limits [Experiment, Analysis, and Benchmark]ICDE2026Zheng et al.link
Graph-Based Vector Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State-of-the-ArtSIGMOD2025Azizi et al.link
Evaluating and Generating Query Workloads for High Dimensional Vector Similarity SearchKDD2025Ceccarello et al.link
Survey of Vector Database Management SystemsVLDB2024Pan et al.link
ParlayANN: Scalable and Deterministic Parallel GraphBased Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search AlgorithmsPPoPP2024Manohar et al.link
Deep Learning for Approximate Nearest Neighbour Search: A Survey and Future DirectionsTKDE2022Li et al.link
A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2021Wang et al.link
TitleVenueAuthorsLink
Generalized Range Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: Containment and OverlapKDD2026Liu et al.link
SIEVE: Effective Filtered Vector Search with Collection of IndexesVLDB2025Li et al.link
Dynamic Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchVLDB2025Peng et al.link
UNIFY: Unified Index for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbors SearchVLDB2025Liang et al.link
DEG: Efficient Hybrid Vector Search Using the Dynamic Edge Navigation GraphSIGMOD2025Yin et al.link
Navigating Labels and Vectors: A Unified Approach to Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2025Cai et al.link
iRangeGraph: Improvising Range-dedicated Graphs for Range-filtering Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2025Xu et al.link
Timestamp Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search over High-Dimensional Vector DataICDE2025Wang et al.link
SeRF: Segment Graph for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2024Zuo et al.link
Bridging Dense and Sparse Maximum Inner Product SearchTOIS2024Bruch et al.link
An Efficient and Robust Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with Attribute Constraint (NHQ)NeurIPS2023Wang et al.link
ACORN: Performant and Predicate-Agnostic Search Over Vector Embeddings and Structured DataSIGMOD2024Patel et al.link
Filtered − DiskANN: Graph Algorithms for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with FiltersWeb2023Gollapudi et al.link
High-Throughput Vector Similarity Search in Knowledge Graphs (HQI)SIGMOD2023Mohoney et al.link
Navigable Proximity Graph-Driven Native Hybrid Queries with Structured and Unstructured Constraints2022Wang et al.link
HQANN: Efficient and Robust Similarity Search for Hybrid Queries with Structured and Unstructured ConstraintsCIKM2022Wu et al.link
AnalyticDB-V: a hybrid analytical engine towards query fusion for structured and unstructured dataVLDB2020Wei et al.link

10. Computation acceleration

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
DARTH: Declarative Recall Through Early Termination for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Chatzakis et al.link
TRIM: Accelerating High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search with Enhanced Triangle-Inequality-Based PruningSIGMOD2026Song et al.link
Effective and General Distance Computation for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchICDE2025Yang et al.link
Accelerating Graph Indexing for ANNS on Modern CPUsSIGMOD2025Wang et al.link
Accelerating Graph-based Vector Search via Delayed-Synchronization Traversal2024Jiang et al.link
Juno: Optimizing High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbour Search with Sparsity-Aware Algorithm and Ray-Tracing Core MappingASPLOS2024Liu et al.link
High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations (Abbr. ADSampline)SIGMOD2023Gao et al.link
FINGER: Fast Inference for Graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchWeb2023Chen et al.link
Relative NN-Descent: A Fast Index Construction for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchMM2023Ono et al.link
AdANNS: A Framework for Adaptive Semantic SearchNIPS2023Rege et al.link

11. Vector database system

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
HARMONY: A Scalable Distributed Vector Database for High-Throughput Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Xu et al.link
OdinANN: Direct Insert for Consistently Stable Performance in Billion-Scale Graph-Based Vector SearchFAST2026Guo et.allink
VStream: A Distributed Streaming Vector Search SystemVLDB2025Gong et al.link
MicroNN: An On-device Disk-resident Updatable Vector DatabaseSIGMOD2025Pound et al.link
CAGRA: Highly Parallel Graph Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search for GPUsICDE2024Ootomo et al.link
Vexless: A Serverless Vector Data Management System Using Cloud FunctionsSIGMOD2024Su et al.link
SingleStore-V: An Integrated Vector Database System in SingleStoreVLDB2024Chen et al.link
Starling: An I/O-Efficient Disk-Resident Graph Index Framework for High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search on Data SegmentSIGMOD2024Wang et al.link
Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional DatabasesSIGMOD2023Peng et al.link
VBASE: Unifying Online Vector Similarity Search and Relational Queries via Relaxed MonotonicityOSDI2023Zhang et al.link
Manu: A Cloud Native Vector Database Management SystemVLDB2022Guo et al.link
Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management SystemSIGMOD2021Wang et al.link
LANNS: a web-scale approximate nearest neighbor lookup systemVLDB2021Doshi et al.link

12. GPU-based

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
GLIDE: GPU-Accelerated ANN Graph Index Construction via Data LocalityICDE2026Ruan et al.link
Hitcher: Efficient GPU-based Vector Search via Cluster-Centric Kernel and Hitch-Ride OrderingKDD2026Zhou et al.link
Scalable Graph Indexing using GPUs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor SearchSIGMOD2026Li et al.link
AlayaLaser: Efficient Index Layout and Search Strategy for Large-scale High-dimensional Vector Similarity SearchSIGMOD2026Chen et al.link
Efficient Graph Embedding at Scale: Optimizing CPU-GPU-SSD IntegrationVLDBJ2026Li et al.link
CAGRA: Highly Parallel Graph Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search for GPUsICDE2024Ootomo et al.link
GGNN: Graph-based GPU Nearest Neighbor SearchTBD2023Groh et al.link
GPU-accelerated Proximity Graph Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search and ConstructionICDE2022Yu et al.link
SONG: Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search on GPUICDE2020Zhao et al.link

13. Maximum Inner Product

TitleVenueAuthorsLink
FARGO: Fast Maximum Inner Product Search via Global Multi-ProbingVLDB2023Zhao et al.link
SINDI: An Efficient Index for Sparse Vector Approximate Maximum Inner Product SearchICDE2026Li et al.link

Contact me. ximuzeng@std.uestc.edu.cn

Contributors

SimoneZeng

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WittenYeh

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