README
Hardware Wiring Guide
This document outlines the pinout and wiring connections between the ESP32 microcontroller and the various environmental sensors, navigation modules, and motor drivers used in the system.
🌡️ Environmental Sensors
| Component | Sensor Pin | ESP32 Pin / Connection | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| DHT11/22 | VCC | 3.3V | |
| GND | GND | ||
| DATA | GPIO 4 | Add a 10kΩ pull-up resistor between DATA and 3.3V if your sensor isn't on a breakout board. | |
| MQ-2 Gas | VCC | 5V (VIN/VUSB) | Needs 5V for the heating element. |
| GND | GND | ||
| AOUT | GPIO 34 (ADC) | ⚠️ Recommended: Use a voltage divider to step 5V down to 3.3V. | |
| Optical Dust (Sharp) | V-LED | 5V | Add a 150Ω resistor in series and a 220µF capacitor to GND as per the datasheet. |
| LED-GND | GND | ||
| LED-IN | GPIO 5 | This pin pulses the IR LED to take a reading. | |
| S-VCC | 5V | ||
| S-GND | GND | ||
| S-OUT | GPIO 35 (ADC) | ⚠️ Recommended: Use a voltage divider to step 5V down to 3.3V. |
🧭 Navigation, IMU, Power & Motors
| Component | Pin / Function | ESP32 Connection | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| EVE L89 (GNSS) | TX | GPIO 16 (RX2) | We use Hardware Serial 2 for reliable GPS parsing. |
| RX | GPIO 17 (TX2) | ||
| VCC | 3.3V | ||
| GND | GND | ||
| MPU6050 (IMU) | SDA | GPIO 21 | Standard I2C Data. |
| SCL | GPIO 22 | Standard I2C Clock. | |
| Magnetometer | SDA | GPIO 21 | Connect in parallel with the MPU6050 (I2C Bus). |
| SCL | GPIO 22 | Connect in parallel with the MPU6050 (I2C Bus). | |
| INA3221 (Power) | SDA | GPIO 21 | Connect in parallel with the MPU6050 (I2C Bus). |
| SCL | GPIO 22 | Connect in parallel with the MPU6050 (I2C Bus). | |
| Motor Driver | IN1 (Left) | GPIO 25 | Standard dual H-bridge (like L298N or TB6612). |
| IN2 (Left) | GPIO 26 | ||
| IN3 (Right) | GPIO 27 | ||
| IN4 (Right) | GPIO 14 |
⚠️ Important Hardware Notes
1. I2C Bus Configuration
The MPU6050, Magnetometer, and INA3221 all share the same I2C bus:
- SDA: GPIO 21
- SCL: GPIO 22
Note: Ensure each device has a unique I2C address to avoid bus conflicts.
2. Logic Level Protection (5V to 3.3V)
The ESP32 uses strict 3.3V logic. Do not connect 5V output pins directly to ESP32 GPIOs. As noted in the tables, use voltage dividers for 5V analog outputs (like the MQ-2 Gas Sensor and Sharp Optical Dust Sensor) to protect the ESP32's ADC pins (GPIO 34 and GPIO 35).
3. Power Distribution
Sensors requiring 5V (MQ-2, Sharp Optical Dust) must be powered from the VIN/VUSB pin, assuming the ESP32 is powered via USB or a stable 5V regulator. Be cautious of the total current draw, especially when the MQ-2 heater is active.
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README
Hardware Wiring Guide
This document outlines the pinout and wiring connections between the ESP32 microcontroller and the various environmental sensors, navigation modules, and motor drivers used in the system.
🌡️ Environmental Sensors
| Component | Sensor Pin | ESP32 Pin / Connection | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| DHT11/22 | VCC | 3.3V | |
| GND | GND | ||
| DATA | GPIO 4 | Add a 10kΩ pull-up resistor between DATA and 3.3V if your sensor isn't on a breakout board. | |
| MQ-2 Gas | VCC | 5V (VIN/VUSB) | Needs 5V for the heating element. |
| GND | GND | ||
| AOUT | GPIO 34 (ADC) | ⚠️ Recommended: Use a voltage divider to step 5V down to 3.3V. | |
| Optical Dust (Sharp) | V-LED | 5V | Add a 150Ω resistor in series and a 220µF capacitor to GND as per the datasheet. |
| LED-GND | GND | ||
| LED-IN | GPIO 5 | This pin pulses the IR LED to take a reading. | |
| S-VCC | 5V | ||
| S-GND | GND | ||
| S-OUT | GPIO 35 (ADC) | ⚠️ Recommended: Use a voltage divider to step 5V down to 3.3V. |
🧭 Navigation, IMU, Power & Motors
| Component | Pin / Function | ESP32 Connection | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| EVE L89 (GNSS) | TX | GPIO 16 (RX2) | We use Hardware Serial 2 for reliable GPS parsing. |
| RX | GPIO 17 (TX2) | ||
| VCC | 3.3V | ||
| GND | GND | ||
| MPU6050 (IMU) | SDA | GPIO 21 | Standard I2C Data. |
| SCL | GPIO 22 | Standard I2C Clock. | |
| Magnetometer | SDA | GPIO 21 | Connect in parallel with the MPU6050 (I2C Bus). |
| SCL | GPIO 22 | Connect in parallel with the MPU6050 (I2C Bus). | |
| INA3221 (Power) | SDA | GPIO 21 | Connect in parallel with the MPU6050 (I2C Bus). |
| SCL | GPIO 22 | Connect in parallel with the MPU6050 (I2C Bus). | |
| Motor Driver | IN1 (Left) | GPIO 25 | Standard dual H-bridge (like L298N or TB6612). |
| IN2 (Left) | GPIO 26 | ||
| IN3 (Right) | GPIO 27 | ||
| IN4 (Right) | GPIO 14 |
⚠️ Important Hardware Notes
1. I2C Bus Configuration
The MPU6050, Magnetometer, and INA3221 all share the same I2C bus:
- SDA: GPIO 21
- SCL: GPIO 22
Note: Ensure each device has a unique I2C address to avoid bus conflicts.
2. Logic Level Protection (5V to 3.3V)
The ESP32 uses strict 3.3V logic. Do not connect 5V output pins directly to ESP32 GPIOs. As noted in the tables, use voltage dividers for 5V analog outputs (like the MQ-2 Gas Sensor and Sharp Optical Dust Sensor) to protect the ESP32's ADC pins (GPIO 34 and GPIO 35).
3. Power Distribution
Sensors requiring 5V (MQ-2, Sharp Optical Dust) must be powered from the VIN/VUSB pin, assuming the ESP32 is powered via USB or a stable 5V regulator. Be cautious of the total current draw, especially when the MQ-2 heater is active.
Similar repos
Contributors
7 commits
Languages
C++
46.7%
Python
36.6%
HTML
16.7%