A Survey of Personalization: From RAG to Agent
See the codeThis is the official repository of the paper "A Survey of Personalization: From RAG to Agent", arXiv.
🎯 Our repository Awesome-Personalized-RAG-Agent is a curated collection of papers, resources, benchmarks, and datasets focused on Personalized Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and personalized agentic RAG system.
Personalization has become a cornerstone in modern AI systems, enabling customized interactions that reflect individual user preferences, contexts, and goals. Recent research has increasingly explored RAG frameworks and their evolution into agent-based architectures, aiming to improve user alignment and satisfaction.
This repository systematically categorizes personalization across the three core stages of RAG:
Beyond traditional RAG pipelines, we extend the scope to Personalized LLM Agents—systems enhanced with agentic functionalities such as dynamic user modeling, personalized planning, memory integration, and autonomous behavior.
| Name | Title | Personalized presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Least-to-most Prompting | Least-to-Most Prompting Enables Complex Reasoning in Large Language Models | Split by sub-query terms in different questions | ICLR 2023 | [Link] | |
| Personalized Search-based Query Rewrite System for Conversational AI | Build a personalized index for each user | ACL 2021 | [Link] | ||
| Agent4Ranking | Agent4Ranking: Semantic Robust Ranking via Personalized Query Rewriting Using Multi-agent LLM | Use agents for efficient query rewriting. | arXiv 2023 | [Link] | |
| Least-to-most Prompting | Query Rewriting in TaoBao Search | A learning enhanced architecture based on “query retrieval−semantic relevance”. | CIKM 2022 | [Link] | |
| CLE-QR | Learning to rewrite prompts for personalized text generation | Multistage framework for personalized rewrites. | WWW 2024 | [Link] | |
| CGF | CGF: Constrained Generation Framework for Query Rewriting in Conversational AI | Personalized prompt rewriting by using an LLM agent. | ACL 2022 | [Link] | |
| RL-based Query Rewriting with Distilled LLM for online E-Commerce Systems | Student model to rewrite query. | arXiv 2025 | [Link] | ||
| CoPS | Cognitive Personalized Search Integrating Large Language Models with an Efficient Memory Mechanism | Personalized query intent. | WWW 2024 | [Link] | |
| BASES | BASES: Large-scale Web Search User Simulation with Large Language Model based Agents | User simulation agent. | arXiv 2024 | [Link] | |
| ERAGent | ERAGent: Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Language Models with Improved Accuracy, Efficiency, and Personalization | Collaorative module for query rewrite. | arXiv 2024 | [Link] | |
| PEARL | PEARL: Personalizing Large Language Model Writing Assistants with Generation-Calibrated Retrievers | Personlaized LLM for query write. | arXiv 2024 | [Link] | |
| FIG | Graph Meets LLM: A Novel Approach to Collaborative Filtering for Robust Conversational Understanding | Graph-based methods with LLMs to query rewrite | arXiv 2023 | [Link] |
| Name | Title | Personalized presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PNQES | Personalized Optimal Search in Local Query Expansion | Search history, Latent semantic indexing | ACLCLP 2006 | [Link] | |
| Exploiting social relations for query expansion and result ranking | Friendship, Tagging | ICDE Workshop 2008 | [Link] | ||
| Gossple | Toward personalized query expansion | Calculating the distance between users, constructing a personalized network that connects users with similar interests. Extracting tags | EuroSys Workshop 2009 | [Link] | |
| Social tagging in query expansion: A new way for personalized web search | User Interest Tagging | CSE 2009 | [Link] | ||
| SoQuES | personalized social query expansion using social bookmarking systems | Extract user tag behavior to build personalized user profiles. | SIGIR 2011 | [Link] | |
| Improving search via personalized query expansion using social media | Tagging | Information retrieval 2012 | [Link] | ||
| Axiomatic term-based personalized query expansion using bookmarking system | Bookmarking, Social Network | International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications 2016 | [Link] | ||
| WE-LM | personalized query expansion utilizing multi-relationalsocial data | Tagging | SMAP Workshop 2017 | [Link] | |
| PSQE | personalized social query expansion using social annotations | User Interest Tagging | Transactions on Large-Scale Data-and Knowledge-Centered Systems XL 2019 | [Link] | |
| PQEWC | Personalized Query Expansion with Contextual Word Embeddings | Employing topic modeling on user texts and dynamically selecting relevant words | TOIS 2023 | [Link] |
| Name | Title | Personalized presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSQE | PSQE: Personalized Semantic Query Expansion for user-centric query disambiguation | Leveraging synthetic user profiles built from Wikipedia articles, training word2vec embeddings on these profiles | [Link] | ||
| Bobo | Utilizing user-input contextual terms for query disambiguation | contextual terms | Coling 2010 | [Link] | |
| Personalized Query Auto-Completion Through a Lightweight Representation of the User Context | Learning embeddings from the user’s recent queries | arXiv 2019 | [Link] |
| Name | Title | Personalized presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pearl | Pearl: Personalizing large language model writing assistants with generation-calibrated retrievers | Personalized Indexing | ACL 2024 | [Link] | |
| KG-Retrieve | KG-Retriever: Efficient Knowledge Indexing for Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models | Hierarchical Index Graph | arXiv 2024 | [Link] | |
| EMG-RAG | Crafting Personalized Agents through Retrieval-Augmented Generation on Editable Memory Graphs | Editable Knowledge Graph for Indexing | EMNLP 2024 | [Link] | |
| PGraphRAG | Personalized Graph-Based Retrieval for Large Language Models | User-centric Knowledge Graphs for Personalized Indexing | arXiv 2025 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Name | Title | Personalized presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optimization Methods for Personalizing Large Language Models through Retrieval Augmentation | Gradients based on personalized scores | SIGIR 2024 | [Link] | ||
| MeMemo | MeMemo: On-device Retrieval Augmentation for Private and Personalized Text Generation | Privacy Protection | SIGIR 2024 (short) | [Link] | [Link] |
| LAPS | Doing Personal LAPS: LLM-Augmented Dialogue Construction for Personalized Multi-Session Conversational Search | Personalized Dialogue | SIGIR 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Partner Matters! An Empirical Study on Fusing Personas for Personalized Response Selection in Retrieval-Based Chatbots | Personalized Dialogue | SIGIR 2021 | [Link] | [Link] | |
| ERRA | Explainable Recommendation with Personalized Review Retrieval and Aspect Learning | Personalized Recommendation | ACL 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| RECAP: Retrieval-Enhanced Context-Aware Prefix Encoder for Personalized Dialogue Response Generation | Personalized Dialogue | ACL 2023 | [Link] | [Link] | |
| HEART | HEART-felt Narratives: Tracing Empathy and Narrative Style in Personal Stories with LLMs | Personalized Writing Style | EMNLP 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| OPPU | Democratizing Large Language Models via Personalized Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning | Personalized Parameter Fine-tuning | EMNLP 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| LAPDOG | Learning Retrieval Augmentation for Personalized Dialogue Generation | Personalized Dialogue | EMNLP 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| UniMP | Towards Unified Multi-Modal Personalization: Large Vision-Language Models for Generative Recommendation and Beyond | Personalized Recommendation | ICLR 2024 | [Link] | |
| Personalized Language Generation via Bayesian Metric Augmented Retrieval | Personalized Retrieval | arXiv | [Link] | ||
| Leveraging Similar Users for Personalized Language Modeling with Limited Data | Personalized Retrieval | ACL 2022 | [Link] | ||
| UIA | A Personalized Dense Retrieval Framework for Unified Information Access | Personalized Retrieval | SIGIR 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| XPERT | Personalized Retrieval over Millions of Items | Personalized Retrieval | SIGIR 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| DPSR | Towards personalized and semantic retrieval: An end-to-end solution for e-commerce search via embedding learning | Personalized Retrieval | SIGIR 2020 | [Link] | |
| PersonalTM | PersonalTM: Transformer Memory for Personalized Retrieval | Personalized Retrieval | SIGIR 2023 (short) | [Link] | |
| A zero attention model for personalized product search | Personalized Search | CIKM 2019 | [Link] | ||
| RTM | Learning a Fine-Grained Review-based Transformer Model for Personalized Product Search | Personalized Search | SIGIR 2021 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Personalizing Student-Agent Interactions Using Log-Contextualized Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) | Personalized Retrieval | arXiv | [Link] |
| Name | Title | Personalized presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PersonaRAG | PersonaRAG: Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems with User-Centric Agents | User-centric Agent for Ranking | arXiv 2024 | Link | Link |
| Improving RAG with LoRA Finetuning for Persona Text Generation | Personalized Re-ranking | Link | |||
| UniMS-RAG | UniMS-RAG: A Unified Multi-source Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Personalized Dialogue Systems | Personalized Re-ranking | arXiv 2024 | Link | |
| Learning to Rank for Multiple Retrieval-Augmented Models through Iterative Utility Maximization | Personalized Ranking | arXiv 2024 | Link | Link | |
| Rehearse With User: Personalized Opinion Summarization via Role-Playing Based on Large Language Models | Personalized Opinion Summarization | arXiv 2025 | Link | ||
| AutoCompressors | Adapting Language Models to Compress Contexts | Contextual Embedding Compression | EMNLP 2023 | Link | Link |
| FIT-RAG | FIT-RAG: Black-Box RAG with Factual Information and Token Reduction | Tokens Minization within RAG | ToIS 2025 | Link |
| Name | Title | Personalized presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P2 | Evaluating and inducing personality in pre-trained language models | Role Playing | NeurIPS 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| OpinionQA | Whose opinions do language models reflect? | Role Playing | ICML 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Character Profiling | Evaluating Character Understanding of Large Language Models via Character Profiling from Fictional Works | Role Playing | ICML 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Do LLMs Understand User Preferences? Evaluating LLMs On User Rating Prediction | Personalized Recommendation | arXiv | [Link] | ||
| Cue-CoT | Cue-CoT: Chain-of-thought prompting for responding to in-depth dialogue questions with LLMs | Personalized Dialogue | EMNLP 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| TICL | Tuning-Free Personalized Alignment via Trial-Error-Explain In-Context Learning | Personalized Text Generation | arXiv | [Link] | [Link] |
| GPG | Guided Profile Generation Improves Personalization with LLMs | Personalized Text Generation | arXiv | [Link] | |
| Integrating Summarization and Retrieval for Enhanced Personalization via Large Language Models | Personalized Text Generation | arXiv | [Link] | ||
| LLMTreeRec | LLMTreeRec: Unleashing the Power of Large Language Models for Cold-Start Recommendations | Personalized Recommendation | COLING 2025 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Matryoshka | MATRYOSHKA: Learning To Drive Black-Box LLMS With LLMS | Personalized Text Generation | arXiv | [Link] | |
| Learning to rewrite prompts for personalized text generation | Personalized Text Generation | WWW 2024 | [Link] | ||
| RecGPT | RecGPT: Generative Pre-training for Text-based Recommendation | Personalized Recommendation | ACL 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| PEPLER-D | Personalized prompt learning for explainable recommendation | Personalized Recommendation | TOIS 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| SGPT | Unlocking the potential of prompt-tuning in bridging generalized and personalized federated learning | Personalized Federated Learning | CVPR 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| PFCL | Personalized federated continual learning via multi-granularity prompt | Personalized Federated Learning | KDD 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Measuring What Makes You Unique: Difference-Aware User Modeling for Enhancing LLM Personalization | Personalized Text Generation | ACL Findings 2025 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Name | Title | Personalized presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLoRA | Personalized LoRA for Human-Centered Text Understanding | Personalized Text Understanding | AAAI 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| LM-P | Personalized Large Language Models | Personalized Fine-tuning | SENTIRE 2024 (ICDM Workshop) | [Link] | [Link] |
| MiLP | Personalized LLM Response Generation with Parameterized User Memory Injection | Personalized Text Generation | arXiv | [Link] | [Link] |
| OPPU | Democratizing Large Language Models via Personalized Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning | Personalized Text Generation | EMNLP 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| PER-PCS | PERSONALIZED PIECES: Efficient Personalized Large Language Models through Collaborative Efforts | Personalized Text Generation | EMNLP 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Review-LLM | Review-LLM: Harnessing Large Language Models for Personalized Review Generation | Personalized Review Generation | arXiv | [Link] | |
| UserIdentifier | UserIdentifier: Implicit User Representations for Simple and Effective Personalized Sentiment Analysis | Personalized Text Understanding | NAACL 2022 | [Link] | |
| UserAdapter | UserAdapter: Few-Shot User Learning in Sentiment Analysis | Personalized Text Understanding | ACL Fingdings 2021 | [Link] | |
| HYDRA | HYDRA: Model Factorization Framework for Black-Box LLM Personalization | Personalized Reranking and Generation | NeurIPS 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| PocketLLM | PocketLLM: Enabling On-Device Fine-Tuning for Personalized LLMs | Personalized Text Generation | PrivateNLP 2024 (ACL Workshop) | [Link] | |
| CoGenesis | CoGenesis: A Framework Collaborating Large and Small Language Models for Secure Context-Aware Instruction Following | Personalized Text Generation | ACl 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| P-RLHF | P-RLHF: Personalized Language Modeling from Personalized Human Feedback | Personalized Text Generation | arXiv | [Link] | [Link] |
| P-SOUPS | Personalized Soups: Personalized Large Language Model Alignment via Post-hoc Parameter Merging | Personalized Text Generation | Adaptive Foundation Models 2024 (NeurIPS 2024) | [Link] | [Link] |
| PAD | PAD: Personalized Alignment of LLMs at Decoding-Time | Personalized Text Generation | ICLR 2025 | [Link] | [Link] |
| REST-PG | Reasoning-enhanced self-training for long-form personalized Text Generation | Personalized Text Generation | arXiv | [Link] | |
| Optimization Methods for Personalizing Large Language Models through Retrieval Augmentation | Personalized Retrieval and Generation | SIGIR 2024 | [Link] | ||
| RewriterSlRl | Learning to Rewrite Prompts for Personalized Text Generation | Personalized Text Generation | WWW 2024 | [Link] | |
| Reinforcement learning for optimizing rag for domain chatbots | Personalized Chatbot | RL+LLMs 2024 (AAAI Workshop) | [Link] |
| Name | Title | Personalized Presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Penetrative AI: Making LLMs Comprehend the Physical World | User interaction with physical-world data via sensors | ACL Findings 2024 | Link | Link | |
| Conversational Health Agents: A Personalized LLM-Powered Agent Framework | Personalized healthcare support via health data and knowledge base | arXiv 2024 | Link | Link | |
| RoleLLM | RoleLLM: Benchmarking, eliciting, and enhancing role-playing abilities of large language models | LLMs role-playing characters | arXiv 2024 | Link | |
| Character-llm | Character-llm: A trainable agent for role-playing | LLM character simulation with memory/personality | EMNLP 2023 | Link | Link |
| InCharacter | Evaluating personality fidelity in role-playing agents through psychological interviews | Psychological evaluation of role-play agents | ACL 2024 | Link | Link |
| Socialbench | Socialbench: Sociality evaluation of role-playing conversational agents | Benchmarking social interaction ability in role-playing | ACL Findings 2024 | Link | Link |
| MMrole | Mmrole: A comprehensive framework for developing and evaluating multimodal role-playing agents | Developing and Evaluating Multimodal Role-Playing Agents | ICLR 2025 | Link | Link |
| Enhancing role-playing language models with personality-indicative data | Leveraging psychological scale questions for agent personality modelling | EMNLP Findings 2024 | Link | Link | |
| Enabling Conversational Interaction with Mobile UI using Large Language Models | Mobile UI interaction with LLMs | CHI 2023 | Link | ||
| CharacterEval | A chinese benchmark for role-playing conversational agent evaluation | Chinese dataset for role-playing agent evaluation | arXiv 2024 | Link | Link |
| Neeko | Neeko: Leveraging dynamic lora for efficient multi-character role-playing agent | Efficient multi-character simulation | EMNLP 2024 | Link | Link |
| Name | Title | Personalized Presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMG-RAG | Crafting Personalized Agents through Retrieval-Augmented Generation on Editable Memory Graphs | Personalized assistant using user memory | EMNLP 2024 | Link | |
| Generative agents: Interactive simulacra of human behavior | Simulation of social and individual behaviors in Stanford Town | UIST 2023 | Link | ||
| Conversational Health Agents: A Personalized LLM-Powered Agent Framework | Personalized healthcare support via health data and knowledge base | arXiv 2024 | Link | Link | |
| User Behavior Simulation with Large Language Model based Agents | Simulation of user behavior in recommender systems | arXiv 2024 | Link | ||
| Personal Large Language Model Agents: A Case Study on Tailored Travel Planning | Tailored travel based on user preferences | EMNLP 2024 | Link | ||
| PersonalWAB | Large Language Models Empowered Personalized Web Agents | User profile + web action optimization | WWW 2025 Oral | Link | |
| Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Models | Minecraft agent simulation and skill learning | TMLR 2024 | Link | Link | |
| MEMORYLLM: Towards Self-Updatable Large Language Models | Self-evolution via memory update | ICML 2024 | Link | ||
| Bootstrap Your Own Skills: Learning to Solve New Tasks with Large Language Model Guidance | Robotic arm learning to manipulate objects | CoRL 2023 | Link | Link | |
| Enabling Conversational Interaction with Mobile UI using Large Language Models | Mobile UI interaction with LLMs | CHI 2023 | Link | ||
| Penetrative AI: Making LLMs Comprehend the Physical World | User interaction with physical-world data via sensors | ACL Findings 2024 | Link | Link | |
| Language models as zero-shot planners: Extracting actionable knowledge for embodied agents | Task planning in virtual environments | ICML 2022 | Link | Link | |
| MetaGPT | Metagpt: Meta programming for multi-agent collaborative framework | Multi-agent collaboration for complex tasks | ICLR 2024 | Link | |
| OKR-Agent | Agents meet okr: An object and key results driven agent system with hierarchical self-collaboration and self-evaluation | Role-assigned agents solving creative tasks | arXiv 2023 | Link | Link |
| Name | Title | Personalized Presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character-llm | Character-llm: A trainable agent for role-playing | LLM character simulation with memory/personality | EMNLP 2023 | Link | Link |
| Investigating the Personality Consistency in Quantized Role-Playing Dialogue Agents | Robustness and consistency in constrained setups | EMNLP 2024 | Link | ||
| MMrole | Mmrole: A comprehensive framework for developing and evaluating multimodal role-playing agents | Developing and Evaluating Multimodal Role-Playing Agents | ICLR 2025 | Link | Link |
| RoleLLM | RoleLLM: Benchmarking, eliciting, and enhancing role-playing abilities of large language models | LLMs role-playing characters | arXiv 2024 | Link | |
| Enhancing role-playing language models with personality-indicative data | Personality-focused character simulation | EMNLP 2024 Findings | Link | Link | |
| InCharacter | Evaluating personality fidelity in role-playing agents through psychological interviews | Psychological evaluation of role-play agents | ACL 2024 | Link | Link |
| Socialbench | Socialbench: Sociality evaluation of role-playing conversational agents | Benchmarking social interaction ability in role-playing | ACL Findings 2024 | Link | Link |
| PersonaAgent | When Large Language Model Agents Meet Personalization at Test Time | Personalized LLM agent framework | arXiv 2025 | Link |
| Field | Dataset | Metrics | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Query Rewriting | SCAN | Accuracy | Link |
| Query Rewriting | Robust04 | Accuracy | Link |
| Query Rewriting | Avocado Research Email Collection | BLEU, ROUGE | Link |
| Query Rewriting | Amazon Review | BLEU, ROUGE | Link |
| Query Rewriting | Reddit Comments | BLEU, ROUGE | Link |
| Query Rewriting | Amazon ESCI Dataset | EM, ROUGE-L, XEntropy | Link |
| Query Rewriting | AOL | MAP, MRR, P@1 | Link |
| Query Rewriting | WARRIORS | MRR, NDCG | Link |
| Query Rewriting | AITA WORKSM | Macro-F1, BS-F1 | Link |
| Query Rewriting | PIP | PMS, Image-Align, ROUGE | Link |
| Query Expansion | Personalized Results Re-Ranking | MAP, MRR, NDCG, RBP | Link |
| Query Expansion | del.icio.us | Precision, MAP, MRR, Recall | Link |
| Query Expansion | Flickr | Precision | Link |
| Query Expansion | CiteULike | Recall, MAP, MRR | Link |
| Query Expansion | LRDP | Precision, Recall, F1 | Link |
| Query Expansion | Delicious | MAP, MRR | Link |
| Query Expansion | Flickr | MAP, MRR | Link |
| Query Expansion | Bibsonomy | MAP, Precision, PQEC, Prof-overlap | Link |
| Other Query-related | Wikipedia | Precision, Recall | Link |
| Retrieval / Generation | TOPDIAL | BLEU, F1, Success Rate | Link |
| Retrieval / Generation | LiveChat | Recall, MRR | Link |
| Retrieval / Generation | PersonalityEvd | Accuracy, Fluency, Coherence, Plausibility | Link |
| Retrieval / Generation | Pchatbot | BLEU, ROUGE, Distinct, MRR | Link |
| Retrieval / Generation | DuLemon | Perplexity, BLEU, Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 | Link |
| Retrieval / Generation | PersonalityEdit | ES, DD, Accuracy, TPEI, PAE | Link |
| Generation | LaMP | Accuracy, F1, MAE, RMSE, ROUGE | Link |
| Generation | LongLaMP | Accuracy, F1, MAE, RMSE, ROUGE | Link |
| Generation | PGraphRAG | ROUGE, METEOR, MAE, RMSE | Link |
| Generation | AmazonQA Products | ROUGE, Persona-F1 | Link |
| Generation | ROUGE, Persona-F1 | Link | |
| Generation | MedicalDialogue | ROUGE, Persona-F1 | Link |
| Generation | Personalized-gen | Mean Success Rate, Median Relative Improvements, Fluency | Link |
| Genration | PersonaBench | Recall, F1, NDCG | Link |
| Generation | PERSONAMEM | Discriminative & Generative Settings | Link |
| Generation | REALTALK | Lexical Sim., Semantic Sim., EI, Partial-Exact-Match F1, LLM Accuracy | Link |
| Generation | UserBench | Best Exist Rate, Correct Exist Rate, Score, Search Attempt Valid, Action Attempt Valid, Preference Elicited | Link |
Awesome Personalized Large Language Models (PLLMs)
A curated list of resources on personalized large language models.
PersonaLLM Survey
Companion repository for the PersonaLLM survey, covering role-playing and personalization.
Awesome Personalized LLM
A collection of papers and tools focused on personalized LLM development.
We sincerely welcome you to contribute to this repository!
🙌 Whether you're adding new papers or datasets/benchmarks, fixing bugs, improving the documentation, or suggesting ideas, every bit of help is appreciated.
If you find this repository useful in your research, please consider citing our paper:
@article{li2025survey,
title={A Survey of Personalization: From RAG to Agent},
author={Li, Xiaopeng and Jia, Pengyue and Xu, Derong and Wen, Yi and Zhang, Yingyi and Zhang, Wenlin and Wang, Wanyu and Wang, Yichao and Du, Zhaocheng and Li, Xiangyang and others},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.10147},
year={2025}
}
A Survey of Personalization: From RAG to Agent
See the codeThis is the official repository of the paper "A Survey of Personalization: From RAG to Agent", arXiv.
🎯 Our repository Awesome-Personalized-RAG-Agent is a curated collection of papers, resources, benchmarks, and datasets focused on Personalized Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and personalized agentic RAG system.
Personalization has become a cornerstone in modern AI systems, enabling customized interactions that reflect individual user preferences, contexts, and goals. Recent research has increasingly explored RAG frameworks and their evolution into agent-based architectures, aiming to improve user alignment and satisfaction.
This repository systematically categorizes personalization across the three core stages of RAG:
Beyond traditional RAG pipelines, we extend the scope to Personalized LLM Agents—systems enhanced with agentic functionalities such as dynamic user modeling, personalized planning, memory integration, and autonomous behavior.
| Name | Title | Personalized presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Least-to-most Prompting | Least-to-Most Prompting Enables Complex Reasoning in Large Language Models | Split by sub-query terms in different questions | ICLR 2023 | [Link] | |
| Personalized Search-based Query Rewrite System for Conversational AI | Build a personalized index for each user | ACL 2021 | [Link] | ||
| Agent4Ranking | Agent4Ranking: Semantic Robust Ranking via Personalized Query Rewriting Using Multi-agent LLM | Use agents for efficient query rewriting. | arXiv 2023 | [Link] | |
| Least-to-most Prompting | Query Rewriting in TaoBao Search | A learning enhanced architecture based on “query retrieval−semantic relevance”. | CIKM 2022 | [Link] | |
| CLE-QR | Learning to rewrite prompts for personalized text generation | Multistage framework for personalized rewrites. | WWW 2024 | [Link] | |
| CGF | CGF: Constrained Generation Framework for Query Rewriting in Conversational AI | Personalized prompt rewriting by using an LLM agent. | ACL 2022 | [Link] | |
| RL-based Query Rewriting with Distilled LLM for online E-Commerce Systems | Student model to rewrite query. | arXiv 2025 | [Link] | ||
| CoPS | Cognitive Personalized Search Integrating Large Language Models with an Efficient Memory Mechanism | Personalized query intent. | WWW 2024 | [Link] | |
| BASES | BASES: Large-scale Web Search User Simulation with Large Language Model based Agents | User simulation agent. | arXiv 2024 | [Link] | |
| ERAGent | ERAGent: Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Language Models with Improved Accuracy, Efficiency, and Personalization | Collaorative module for query rewrite. | arXiv 2024 | [Link] | |
| PEARL | PEARL: Personalizing Large Language Model Writing Assistants with Generation-Calibrated Retrievers | Personlaized LLM for query write. | arXiv 2024 | [Link] | |
| FIG | Graph Meets LLM: A Novel Approach to Collaborative Filtering for Robust Conversational Understanding | Graph-based methods with LLMs to query rewrite | arXiv 2023 | [Link] |
| Name | Title | Personalized presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PNQES | Personalized Optimal Search in Local Query Expansion | Search history, Latent semantic indexing | ACLCLP 2006 | [Link] | |
| Exploiting social relations for query expansion and result ranking | Friendship, Tagging | ICDE Workshop 2008 | [Link] | ||
| Gossple | Toward personalized query expansion | Calculating the distance between users, constructing a personalized network that connects users with similar interests. Extracting tags | EuroSys Workshop 2009 | [Link] | |
| Social tagging in query expansion: A new way for personalized web search | User Interest Tagging | CSE 2009 | [Link] | ||
| SoQuES | personalized social query expansion using social bookmarking systems | Extract user tag behavior to build personalized user profiles. | SIGIR 2011 | [Link] | |
| Improving search via personalized query expansion using social media | Tagging | Information retrieval 2012 | [Link] | ||
| Axiomatic term-based personalized query expansion using bookmarking system | Bookmarking, Social Network | International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications 2016 | [Link] | ||
| WE-LM | personalized query expansion utilizing multi-relationalsocial data | Tagging | SMAP Workshop 2017 | [Link] | |
| PSQE | personalized social query expansion using social annotations | User Interest Tagging | Transactions on Large-Scale Data-and Knowledge-Centered Systems XL 2019 | [Link] | |
| PQEWC | Personalized Query Expansion with Contextual Word Embeddings | Employing topic modeling on user texts and dynamically selecting relevant words | TOIS 2023 | [Link] |
| Name | Title | Personalized presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSQE | PSQE: Personalized Semantic Query Expansion for user-centric query disambiguation | Leveraging synthetic user profiles built from Wikipedia articles, training word2vec embeddings on these profiles | [Link] | ||
| Bobo | Utilizing user-input contextual terms for query disambiguation | contextual terms | Coling 2010 | [Link] | |
| Personalized Query Auto-Completion Through a Lightweight Representation of the User Context | Learning embeddings from the user’s recent queries | arXiv 2019 | [Link] |
| Name | Title | Personalized presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pearl | Pearl: Personalizing large language model writing assistants with generation-calibrated retrievers | Personalized Indexing | ACL 2024 | [Link] | |
| KG-Retrieve | KG-Retriever: Efficient Knowledge Indexing for Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models | Hierarchical Index Graph | arXiv 2024 | [Link] | |
| EMG-RAG | Crafting Personalized Agents through Retrieval-Augmented Generation on Editable Memory Graphs | Editable Knowledge Graph for Indexing | EMNLP 2024 | [Link] | |
| PGraphRAG | Personalized Graph-Based Retrieval for Large Language Models | User-centric Knowledge Graphs for Personalized Indexing | arXiv 2025 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Name | Title | Personalized presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optimization Methods for Personalizing Large Language Models through Retrieval Augmentation | Gradients based on personalized scores | SIGIR 2024 | [Link] | ||
| MeMemo | MeMemo: On-device Retrieval Augmentation for Private and Personalized Text Generation | Privacy Protection | SIGIR 2024 (short) | [Link] | [Link] |
| LAPS | Doing Personal LAPS: LLM-Augmented Dialogue Construction for Personalized Multi-Session Conversational Search | Personalized Dialogue | SIGIR 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Partner Matters! An Empirical Study on Fusing Personas for Personalized Response Selection in Retrieval-Based Chatbots | Personalized Dialogue | SIGIR 2021 | [Link] | [Link] | |
| ERRA | Explainable Recommendation with Personalized Review Retrieval and Aspect Learning | Personalized Recommendation | ACL 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| RECAP: Retrieval-Enhanced Context-Aware Prefix Encoder for Personalized Dialogue Response Generation | Personalized Dialogue | ACL 2023 | [Link] | [Link] | |
| HEART | HEART-felt Narratives: Tracing Empathy and Narrative Style in Personal Stories with LLMs | Personalized Writing Style | EMNLP 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| OPPU | Democratizing Large Language Models via Personalized Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning | Personalized Parameter Fine-tuning | EMNLP 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| LAPDOG | Learning Retrieval Augmentation for Personalized Dialogue Generation | Personalized Dialogue | EMNLP 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| UniMP | Towards Unified Multi-Modal Personalization: Large Vision-Language Models for Generative Recommendation and Beyond | Personalized Recommendation | ICLR 2024 | [Link] | |
| Personalized Language Generation via Bayesian Metric Augmented Retrieval | Personalized Retrieval | arXiv | [Link] | ||
| Leveraging Similar Users for Personalized Language Modeling with Limited Data | Personalized Retrieval | ACL 2022 | [Link] | ||
| UIA | A Personalized Dense Retrieval Framework for Unified Information Access | Personalized Retrieval | SIGIR 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| XPERT | Personalized Retrieval over Millions of Items | Personalized Retrieval | SIGIR 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| DPSR | Towards personalized and semantic retrieval: An end-to-end solution for e-commerce search via embedding learning | Personalized Retrieval | SIGIR 2020 | [Link] | |
| PersonalTM | PersonalTM: Transformer Memory for Personalized Retrieval | Personalized Retrieval | SIGIR 2023 (short) | [Link] | |
| A zero attention model for personalized product search | Personalized Search | CIKM 2019 | [Link] | ||
| RTM | Learning a Fine-Grained Review-based Transformer Model for Personalized Product Search | Personalized Search | SIGIR 2021 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Personalizing Student-Agent Interactions Using Log-Contextualized Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) | Personalized Retrieval | arXiv | [Link] |
| Name | Title | Personalized presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PersonaRAG | PersonaRAG: Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems with User-Centric Agents | User-centric Agent for Ranking | arXiv 2024 | Link | Link |
| Improving RAG with LoRA Finetuning for Persona Text Generation | Personalized Re-ranking | Link | |||
| UniMS-RAG | UniMS-RAG: A Unified Multi-source Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Personalized Dialogue Systems | Personalized Re-ranking | arXiv 2024 | Link | |
| Learning to Rank for Multiple Retrieval-Augmented Models through Iterative Utility Maximization | Personalized Ranking | arXiv 2024 | Link | Link | |
| Rehearse With User: Personalized Opinion Summarization via Role-Playing Based on Large Language Models | Personalized Opinion Summarization | arXiv 2025 | Link | ||
| AutoCompressors | Adapting Language Models to Compress Contexts | Contextual Embedding Compression | EMNLP 2023 | Link | Link |
| FIT-RAG | FIT-RAG: Black-Box RAG with Factual Information and Token Reduction | Tokens Minization within RAG | ToIS 2025 | Link |
| Name | Title | Personalized presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P2 | Evaluating and inducing personality in pre-trained language models | Role Playing | NeurIPS 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| OpinionQA | Whose opinions do language models reflect? | Role Playing | ICML 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Character Profiling | Evaluating Character Understanding of Large Language Models via Character Profiling from Fictional Works | Role Playing | ICML 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Do LLMs Understand User Preferences? Evaluating LLMs On User Rating Prediction | Personalized Recommendation | arXiv | [Link] | ||
| Cue-CoT | Cue-CoT: Chain-of-thought prompting for responding to in-depth dialogue questions with LLMs | Personalized Dialogue | EMNLP 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| TICL | Tuning-Free Personalized Alignment via Trial-Error-Explain In-Context Learning | Personalized Text Generation | arXiv | [Link] | [Link] |
| GPG | Guided Profile Generation Improves Personalization with LLMs | Personalized Text Generation | arXiv | [Link] | |
| Integrating Summarization and Retrieval for Enhanced Personalization via Large Language Models | Personalized Text Generation | arXiv | [Link] | ||
| LLMTreeRec | LLMTreeRec: Unleashing the Power of Large Language Models for Cold-Start Recommendations | Personalized Recommendation | COLING 2025 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Matryoshka | MATRYOSHKA: Learning To Drive Black-Box LLMS With LLMS | Personalized Text Generation | arXiv | [Link] | |
| Learning to rewrite prompts for personalized text generation | Personalized Text Generation | WWW 2024 | [Link] | ||
| RecGPT | RecGPT: Generative Pre-training for Text-based Recommendation | Personalized Recommendation | ACL 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| PEPLER-D | Personalized prompt learning for explainable recommendation | Personalized Recommendation | TOIS 2023 | [Link] | [Link] |
| SGPT | Unlocking the potential of prompt-tuning in bridging generalized and personalized federated learning | Personalized Federated Learning | CVPR 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| PFCL | Personalized federated continual learning via multi-granularity prompt | Personalized Federated Learning | KDD 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Measuring What Makes You Unique: Difference-Aware User Modeling for Enhancing LLM Personalization | Personalized Text Generation | ACL Findings 2025 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Name | Title | Personalized presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLoRA | Personalized LoRA for Human-Centered Text Understanding | Personalized Text Understanding | AAAI 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| LM-P | Personalized Large Language Models | Personalized Fine-tuning | SENTIRE 2024 (ICDM Workshop) | [Link] | [Link] |
| MiLP | Personalized LLM Response Generation with Parameterized User Memory Injection | Personalized Text Generation | arXiv | [Link] | [Link] |
| OPPU | Democratizing Large Language Models via Personalized Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning | Personalized Text Generation | EMNLP 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| PER-PCS | PERSONALIZED PIECES: Efficient Personalized Large Language Models through Collaborative Efforts | Personalized Text Generation | EMNLP 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| Review-LLM | Review-LLM: Harnessing Large Language Models for Personalized Review Generation | Personalized Review Generation | arXiv | [Link] | |
| UserIdentifier | UserIdentifier: Implicit User Representations for Simple and Effective Personalized Sentiment Analysis | Personalized Text Understanding | NAACL 2022 | [Link] | |
| UserAdapter | UserAdapter: Few-Shot User Learning in Sentiment Analysis | Personalized Text Understanding | ACL Fingdings 2021 | [Link] | |
| HYDRA | HYDRA: Model Factorization Framework for Black-Box LLM Personalization | Personalized Reranking and Generation | NeurIPS 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| PocketLLM | PocketLLM: Enabling On-Device Fine-Tuning for Personalized LLMs | Personalized Text Generation | PrivateNLP 2024 (ACL Workshop) | [Link] | |
| CoGenesis | CoGenesis: A Framework Collaborating Large and Small Language Models for Secure Context-Aware Instruction Following | Personalized Text Generation | ACl 2024 | [Link] | [Link] |
| P-RLHF | P-RLHF: Personalized Language Modeling from Personalized Human Feedback | Personalized Text Generation | arXiv | [Link] | [Link] |
| P-SOUPS | Personalized Soups: Personalized Large Language Model Alignment via Post-hoc Parameter Merging | Personalized Text Generation | Adaptive Foundation Models 2024 (NeurIPS 2024) | [Link] | [Link] |
| PAD | PAD: Personalized Alignment of LLMs at Decoding-Time | Personalized Text Generation | ICLR 2025 | [Link] | [Link] |
| REST-PG | Reasoning-enhanced self-training for long-form personalized Text Generation | Personalized Text Generation | arXiv | [Link] | |
| Optimization Methods for Personalizing Large Language Models through Retrieval Augmentation | Personalized Retrieval and Generation | SIGIR 2024 | [Link] | ||
| RewriterSlRl | Learning to Rewrite Prompts for Personalized Text Generation | Personalized Text Generation | WWW 2024 | [Link] | |
| Reinforcement learning for optimizing rag for domain chatbots | Personalized Chatbot | RL+LLMs 2024 (AAAI Workshop) | [Link] |
| Name | Title | Personalized Presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Penetrative AI: Making LLMs Comprehend the Physical World | User interaction with physical-world data via sensors | ACL Findings 2024 | Link | Link | |
| Conversational Health Agents: A Personalized LLM-Powered Agent Framework | Personalized healthcare support via health data and knowledge base | arXiv 2024 | Link | Link | |
| RoleLLM | RoleLLM: Benchmarking, eliciting, and enhancing role-playing abilities of large language models | LLMs role-playing characters | arXiv 2024 | Link | |
| Character-llm | Character-llm: A trainable agent for role-playing | LLM character simulation with memory/personality | EMNLP 2023 | Link | Link |
| InCharacter | Evaluating personality fidelity in role-playing agents through psychological interviews | Psychological evaluation of role-play agents | ACL 2024 | Link | Link |
| Socialbench | Socialbench: Sociality evaluation of role-playing conversational agents | Benchmarking social interaction ability in role-playing | ACL Findings 2024 | Link | Link |
| MMrole | Mmrole: A comprehensive framework for developing and evaluating multimodal role-playing agents | Developing and Evaluating Multimodal Role-Playing Agents | ICLR 2025 | Link | Link |
| Enhancing role-playing language models with personality-indicative data | Leveraging psychological scale questions for agent personality modelling | EMNLP Findings 2024 | Link | Link | |
| Enabling Conversational Interaction with Mobile UI using Large Language Models | Mobile UI interaction with LLMs | CHI 2023 | Link | ||
| CharacterEval | A chinese benchmark for role-playing conversational agent evaluation | Chinese dataset for role-playing agent evaluation | arXiv 2024 | Link | Link |
| Neeko | Neeko: Leveraging dynamic lora for efficient multi-character role-playing agent | Efficient multi-character simulation | EMNLP 2024 | Link | Link |
| Name | Title | Personalized Presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMG-RAG | Crafting Personalized Agents through Retrieval-Augmented Generation on Editable Memory Graphs | Personalized assistant using user memory | EMNLP 2024 | Link | |
| Generative agents: Interactive simulacra of human behavior | Simulation of social and individual behaviors in Stanford Town | UIST 2023 | Link | ||
| Conversational Health Agents: A Personalized LLM-Powered Agent Framework | Personalized healthcare support via health data and knowledge base | arXiv 2024 | Link | Link | |
| User Behavior Simulation with Large Language Model based Agents | Simulation of user behavior in recommender systems | arXiv 2024 | Link | ||
| Personal Large Language Model Agents: A Case Study on Tailored Travel Planning | Tailored travel based on user preferences | EMNLP 2024 | Link | ||
| PersonalWAB | Large Language Models Empowered Personalized Web Agents | User profile + web action optimization | WWW 2025 Oral | Link | |
| Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Models | Minecraft agent simulation and skill learning | TMLR 2024 | Link | Link | |
| MEMORYLLM: Towards Self-Updatable Large Language Models | Self-evolution via memory update | ICML 2024 | Link | ||
| Bootstrap Your Own Skills: Learning to Solve New Tasks with Large Language Model Guidance | Robotic arm learning to manipulate objects | CoRL 2023 | Link | Link | |
| Enabling Conversational Interaction with Mobile UI using Large Language Models | Mobile UI interaction with LLMs | CHI 2023 | Link | ||
| Penetrative AI: Making LLMs Comprehend the Physical World | User interaction with physical-world data via sensors | ACL Findings 2024 | Link | Link | |
| Language models as zero-shot planners: Extracting actionable knowledge for embodied agents | Task planning in virtual environments | ICML 2022 | Link | Link | |
| MetaGPT | Metagpt: Meta programming for multi-agent collaborative framework | Multi-agent collaboration for complex tasks | ICLR 2024 | Link | |
| OKR-Agent | Agents meet okr: An object and key results driven agent system with hierarchical self-collaboration and self-evaluation | Role-assigned agents solving creative tasks | arXiv 2023 | Link | Link |
| Name | Title | Personalized Presentation | Publication | Paper Link | Code Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character-llm | Character-llm: A trainable agent for role-playing | LLM character simulation with memory/personality | EMNLP 2023 | Link | Link |
| Investigating the Personality Consistency in Quantized Role-Playing Dialogue Agents | Robustness and consistency in constrained setups | EMNLP 2024 | Link | ||
| MMrole | Mmrole: A comprehensive framework for developing and evaluating multimodal role-playing agents | Developing and Evaluating Multimodal Role-Playing Agents | ICLR 2025 | Link | Link |
| RoleLLM | RoleLLM: Benchmarking, eliciting, and enhancing role-playing abilities of large language models | LLMs role-playing characters | arXiv 2024 | Link | |
| Enhancing role-playing language models with personality-indicative data | Personality-focused character simulation | EMNLP 2024 Findings | Link | Link | |
| InCharacter | Evaluating personality fidelity in role-playing agents through psychological interviews | Psychological evaluation of role-play agents | ACL 2024 | Link | Link |
| Socialbench | Socialbench: Sociality evaluation of role-playing conversational agents | Benchmarking social interaction ability in role-playing | ACL Findings 2024 | Link | Link |
| PersonaAgent | When Large Language Model Agents Meet Personalization at Test Time | Personalized LLM agent framework | arXiv 2025 | Link |
| Field | Dataset | Metrics | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Query Rewriting | SCAN | Accuracy | Link |
| Query Rewriting | Robust04 | Accuracy | Link |
| Query Rewriting | Avocado Research Email Collection | BLEU, ROUGE | Link |
| Query Rewriting | Amazon Review | BLEU, ROUGE | Link |
| Query Rewriting | Reddit Comments | BLEU, ROUGE | Link |
| Query Rewriting | Amazon ESCI Dataset | EM, ROUGE-L, XEntropy | Link |
| Query Rewriting | AOL | MAP, MRR, P@1 | Link |
| Query Rewriting | WARRIORS | MRR, NDCG | Link |
| Query Rewriting | AITA WORKSM | Macro-F1, BS-F1 | Link |
| Query Rewriting | PIP | PMS, Image-Align, ROUGE | Link |
| Query Expansion | Personalized Results Re-Ranking | MAP, MRR, NDCG, RBP | Link |
| Query Expansion | del.icio.us | Precision, MAP, MRR, Recall | Link |
| Query Expansion | Flickr | Precision | Link |
| Query Expansion | CiteULike | Recall, MAP, MRR | Link |
| Query Expansion | LRDP | Precision, Recall, F1 | Link |
| Query Expansion | Delicious | MAP, MRR | Link |
| Query Expansion | Flickr | MAP, MRR | Link |
| Query Expansion | Bibsonomy | MAP, Precision, PQEC, Prof-overlap | Link |
| Other Query-related | Wikipedia | Precision, Recall | Link |
| Retrieval / Generation | TOPDIAL | BLEU, F1, Success Rate | Link |
| Retrieval / Generation | LiveChat | Recall, MRR | Link |
| Retrieval / Generation | PersonalityEvd | Accuracy, Fluency, Coherence, Plausibility | Link |
| Retrieval / Generation | Pchatbot | BLEU, ROUGE, Distinct, MRR | Link |
| Retrieval / Generation | DuLemon | Perplexity, BLEU, Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 | Link |
| Retrieval / Generation | PersonalityEdit | ES, DD, Accuracy, TPEI, PAE | Link |
| Generation | LaMP | Accuracy, F1, MAE, RMSE, ROUGE | Link |
| Generation | LongLaMP | Accuracy, F1, MAE, RMSE, ROUGE | Link |
| Generation | PGraphRAG | ROUGE, METEOR, MAE, RMSE | Link |
| Generation | AmazonQA Products | ROUGE, Persona-F1 | Link |
| Generation | ROUGE, Persona-F1 | Link | |
| Generation | MedicalDialogue | ROUGE, Persona-F1 | Link |
| Generation | Personalized-gen | Mean Success Rate, Median Relative Improvements, Fluency | Link |
| Genration | PersonaBench | Recall, F1, NDCG | Link |
| Generation | PERSONAMEM | Discriminative & Generative Settings | Link |
| Generation | REALTALK | Lexical Sim., Semantic Sim., EI, Partial-Exact-Match F1, LLM Accuracy | Link |
| Generation | UserBench | Best Exist Rate, Correct Exist Rate, Score, Search Attempt Valid, Action Attempt Valid, Preference Elicited | Link |
Awesome Personalized Large Language Models (PLLMs)
A curated list of resources on personalized large language models.
PersonaLLM Survey
Companion repository for the PersonaLLM survey, covering role-playing and personalization.
Awesome Personalized LLM
A collection of papers and tools focused on personalized LLM development.
We sincerely welcome you to contribute to this repository!
🙌 Whether you're adding new papers or datasets/benchmarks, fixing bugs, improving the documentation, or suggesting ideas, every bit of help is appreciated.
If you find this repository useful in your research, please consider citing our paper:
@article{li2025survey,
title={A Survey of Personalization: From RAG to Agent},
author={Li, Xiaopeng and Jia, Pengyue and Xu, Derong and Wen, Yi and Zhang, Yingyi and Zhang, Wenlin and Wang, Wanyu and Wang, Yichao and Du, Zhaocheng and Li, Xiangyang and others},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.10147},
year={2025}
}